(vijon nga numri i kaluar)<\/p>\n
2. Arkitektura e Kish\u00ebs:<\/p>\n
Si\u00e7 kemi p\u00ebrmendur n\u00eb numrin e kaluar, Kisha e Lindjes s\u00eb Hyjlind\u00ebses n\u00eb Pazarin e Vjet\u00ebr t\u00eb P\u00ebrmetit ka patur t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn kat\u00ebr faza konstruktive. Ndryshimet n\u00eb k\u00ebto faza u b\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb plot\u00ebsuar nevojat e zmadhimit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrteses kishtare p\u00ebr arsyen e p\u00ebrmasave t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb saj nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb, dhe nga ana tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb shenj\u00eb “nderimi”. Studimi i arkitektur\u00ebs s\u00eb saj u bazua kryesisht mbi t\u00eb dh\u00ebna, t\u00eb mbledhura n\u00eb dy ekspedita, gjithashtu duke shfryt\u00ebzuar burimet bibliografike dhe dokumentare.<\/p>\n
Faktkeq\u00ebsisht, nuk disponojm\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna mbi faz\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb konstruksionit t\u00eb kish\u00ebs. Sipas tradit\u00ebs vendase, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb jemi t\u00eb rezervuar, kisha u nd\u00ebrtua af\u00ebr viteve 1600* dhe ka qen\u00eb e vog\u00ebl. Sot, asgj\u00eb nuk ka mbetur nga kjo kish\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn vet\u00ebm g\u00ebrmime ose k\u00ebrkime sistematike n\u00eb bibliografi mund t\u00eb na japin t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb reja.<\/p>\n
Zhvillimi i Pazarit t\u00eb Vjet\u00ebr t\u00eb P\u00ebrmetit gjat\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb XIX-t\u00eb dhe rritja e popullsis\u00eb s\u00eb krishter\u00eb q\u00eb kishin nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr kish\u00ebn, \u00e7uan n\u00eb zmadhimin gradual t\u00eb kish\u00ebs. Faza e dyt\u00eb konstruktive, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshinte nj\u00eb zgjerim t\u00eb kish\u00ebs, u realizua, si\u00e7 tham\u00eb m\u00eb lart n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e Mitropolitit t\u00eb Kor\u00e7\u00ebs, Meletit (1816-1827). Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e k\u00ebsaj faze konstruktive ka mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb ndodhet n\u00ebn struktur\u00ebn e sotme t\u00eb kish\u00ebs, ndoshta n\u00eb an\u00ebn lindore, ku, pas g\u00ebrmimit t\u00eb pjessh\u00ebm dhe eksperimental n\u00eb brend\u00ebsin\u00eb e saj, u zbuluan gur\u00eb t\u00eb muratur\u00ebs me ngjyr\u00eb ndryshe nga gur\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb kish\u00ebs. Sidoqoft\u00eb, vet\u00ebm pas g\u00ebrmimit t\u00eb suvas\u00eb s\u00eb mureve dhe restaurimit t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb kish\u00ebs, mund ta mb\u00ebshtesim n\u00eb fakte konkrete k\u00ebt\u00eb hipotez\u00eb.<\/p>\n
M\u00eb pak se 100 vjet pas faz\u00ebs s\u00eb dyt\u00eb konstruktive, m\u00eb 1929, ndoshta p\u00ebr arsyen e d\u00ebmtimeve t\u00eb shumta t\u00eb kish\u00ebs nga djegiet, si ajo midis viteve 1865-1870 dhe sigurisht p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb p\u00ebrmasave t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb saj, pasi nuk kishte m\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00ebsonte nevojat e shumta t\u00eb krishter\u00ebve, kisha pati nj\u00eb faz\u00eb t\u00eb tret\u00eb konstruktive. Kjo faz\u00eb ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb rind\u00ebrtim komplet i kish\u00ebs me p\u00ebrmasa madh\u00ebshtore. N\u00eb nj\u00eb fotografi t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr, t\u00eb marr\u00eb rreth vitit 1930, v\u00ebrehej kisha p\u00ebrpara fundit t\u00eb faz\u00ebs s\u00eb tret\u00eb konstruktive, q\u00eb sipas vendasve i p\u00ebrkiste vitit 1934. N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb kishte p\u00ebrfunduar struktura e poshtme e kish\u00ebs, por jo struktura e sip\u00ebrme e saj. Megjithat\u00eb, ashtu si\u00e7 paraqitet n\u00eb disa fotografi t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb kish\u00ebs, t\u00eb marra pas 1934, kisha paraqitet e p\u00ebrfunduar. Duke u bazuar n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha fotografit\u00eb, tempulli duket se ishte i tipit t\u00eb bazilik\u00ebs, me kupol\u00eb, me nj\u00eb kambanore dydimensionale n\u00eb lart\u00ebsin\u00eb e murit per\u00ebndimor, me kat\u00ebr pilastra qendrore, t\u00eb cilat ndanin nefin horizontal nga nefi t\u00ebrthor, ku mb\u00ebshtetej kupola. Ana veriore e kish\u00ebs, n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e lart\u00eb t\u00eb saj, kishte nj\u00eb grup dritaresh katrore, posht\u00eb t\u00eb cilave ndodheshin tri dritare t\u00eb tjera dhe nj\u00eb hyrje, shkalla e s\u00eb cil\u00ebs kishte nj\u00eb bazament q\u00eb duket nga jasht\u00eb dhe sot e k\u00ebsaj dite. Muratura e kish\u00ebs p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga blloqe t\u00eb bardh\u00eb guri, t\u00eb prer\u00eb dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunuar me mjesht\u00ebri. Gur\u00ebt jan\u00eb lidhur fort nj\u00ebri me tjetrin nga nj\u00eb shtres\u00eb e holl\u00eb g\u00eblqereje. Ky stil murature u p\u00ebrdor shpesh n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtesa t\u00eb arkitektur\u00ebs neoklasike t\u00eb fillimit t\u00eb shek. XX. Muratura e k\u00ebtij stili paraqitet n\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb kish\u00ebs, n\u00eb murin verior dhe n\u00eb at\u00eb lindor t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm, por edhe n\u00eb murin lindor, at\u00eb verior dhe jugor t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm. Nj\u00eb \u00e7ati dyujse, e ndryshme nga ajo ekzistuesja, mbulonte kish\u00ebn.<\/p>\n
Gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb II-t\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, qyteti u d\u00ebmtua nga bombardimet italiane. Edhe kisha p\u00ebsoi d\u00ebmtime prej 40 m2 muratur\u00eb, 60 m2 suva, 25 m2 \u00e7ati dhe 15 m2 tavan3. Mandej, duket se d\u00ebmtimet q\u00eb p\u00ebsoi Pazari i P\u00ebrmetit nga zjarri (nd\u00ebrmjet viteve 1865-1870, si dhe m\u00eb 6 korrik 1943, m\u00eb 9 tetor 1943, m\u00eb 28 janar 1944 dhe m\u00eb 11 qershor 1944)4 kishin intensifikuar d\u00ebmtimet e tempullit. Si pasoj\u00eb, tempulli kishte nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr riparime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, q\u00eb, si\u00e7 duket, \u00e7uan edhe n\u00eb zmadhimin e kish\u00ebs me nj\u00eb shtes\u00eb n\u00eb an\u00ebn per\u00ebndimore.<\/p>\n
K\u00ebto faza t\u00eb nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebshme konstruktive t\u00eb shek. XX i krijuan banor\u00ebve vendas t\u00eb sot\u00ebm p\u00ebrshtypjen se kjo kish\u00eb mbetej gjithmon\u00eb e pap\u00ebrfunduar, prandaj edhe mendohej se nuk paraqiste asnj\u00eb vler\u00eb5. K\u00ebshtu, m\u00eb 1967, kur regjimi komunist, nd\u00ebrmori nj\u00eb fushat\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb n\u00eb luft\u00eb kund\u00ebr fes\u00eb, konfiskoi kishat dhe manastiret n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, kisha e Lindjes s\u00eb Hyjlind\u00ebses n\u00eb Pazarin e Vjet\u00ebr t\u00eb P\u00ebrmetit u kthye n\u00eb “sht\u00ebpi kulture”. Nd\u00ebrhyrjet n\u00eb skeletin e kish\u00ebs pas 1967-t\u00ebs p\u00ebrfshinin: 1) Shkat\u00ebrrimin e pjes\u00ebs s\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb kish\u00ebs (kupola, etj.). 2) Mbylljen e dritareve dhe hyrjeve origjinale (p\u00ebrve\u00e7 asaj jugore) me tulla t\u00eb kuqe dhe hapjen e dritareve dhe hyrjeve t\u00eb reja. 3) Lart\u00ebsimin prej 2 metrash t\u00eb pjes\u00ebs lindore t\u00eb kish\u00ebs p\u00ebr nevojat e fuajes\u00eb (sall\u00eb pushimi) s\u00eb teatrit, duke p\u00ebrdorur tulla t\u00eb kuqe. 4) Futjen e nj\u00eb brezi \u00e7imentoje n\u00eb nj\u00eb pik\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb mureve p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb statike t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb lidhur muratur\u00ebn me nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb fort\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Pavar\u00ebsisht nga k\u00ebto nd\u00ebrhyrje, nj\u00eb seri faktesh tregojn\u00eb se n\u00eb pamjen e dukshme t\u00eb objektit gjendet e ruajtur forma origjinale e nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb kish\u00ebs. K\u00ebto fakte jan\u00eb: 1) Ekzistenca e fragmentit t\u00eb kambanores s\u00eb ngritur n\u00eb lart\u00ebsin\u00eb e murit per\u00ebndimor, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb shihet nga zona e katit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb, ku q\u00ebndronin spektator\u00ebt. 2) Ekzistenca e mureve t\u00eb kish\u00ebs, q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm nga muret shtes\u00eb (n\u00eb gjer\u00ebsi, n\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen e materialeve dhe n\u00eb stilin e muratur\u00ebs). 3) Ekzistenca n\u00eb brend\u00ebsin\u00eb e kish\u00ebs, e harkut t\u00eb pjes\u00ebs lindore t\u00eb saj, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ndoshta fakti m\u00eb i qart\u00eb i ruajtjes s\u00eb skeletit t\u00eb kish\u00ebs me gjith\u00eb pun\u00ebn transformuese q\u00eb iu b\u00eb asaj.<\/p>\n
Nd\u00ebrhyrja m\u00eb e madhe q\u00eb u realizua pas vitit 1967 n\u00eb form\u00ebn e kish\u00ebs ka qen\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimi i nj\u00eb shtese plot\u00ebsisht t\u00eb re gjat\u00eb murit jugor t\u00eb kish\u00ebs. Kjo shtes\u00eb u nd\u00ebrtua me gur\u00eb, si\u00e7 del qart\u00eb nga pjes\u00ebt ku u g\u00ebrmua suvaja p\u00ebr t\u00eb krahasuar muratur\u00ebn e saj me at\u00eb t\u00eb kish\u00ebs. Por cil\u00ebsia e muratur\u00ebs s\u00eb shtesave, si\u00e7 u zbulua, \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e dob\u00ebt n\u00eb krahasim me at\u00eb t\u00eb kish\u00ebs. Gur\u00ebt e p\u00ebrdorur jan\u00eb skalitur trash\u00eb, dhe jan\u00eb vendosur me nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb palidhur, duke krijuar jo fuga midis tyre, si n\u00eb muratur\u00ebn e mureve t\u00eb kish\u00ebs, por boshll\u00ebqe t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb mbushur me nj\u00eb shtres\u00eb t\u00eb trash\u00eb lla\u00e7i me cil\u00ebsi jo t\u00eb mir\u00eb. M\u00eb tej, gjer\u00ebsia e mureve t\u00eb tempullit \u00ebsht\u00eb 90cm, kurse ajo e mureve t\u00eb dy shtesave, t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuara pas 1967, \u00ebsht\u00eb 60cm. T\u00eb dyja ato shtesa, gjithashtu edhe e treta n\u00eb lart\u00ebsin\u00eb e pjes\u00ebs lindore t\u00eb kish\u00ebs jan\u00eb krejt ndryshe nga tempulli n\u00eb tip, zgjidhje funksionale dhe konstruktive, kompozim i pjes\u00ebve p\u00ebrb\u00ebrese, trajtime arkitektonike dhe dekorative t\u00eb pjes\u00ebs s\u00eb brendshme dhe t\u00eb jashtme, si edhe n\u00eb stil.<\/p>\n
(vijon n\u00eb numrin e ardhsh\u00ebm)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Studim i holl\u00ebsish\u00ebm arkitektonik mbi kat\u00ebr fazat konstruktive t\u00eb Kish\u00ebs ‘Lindja e Hyjlind\u00ebses’ n\u00eb Pazarin e Vjet\u00ebr t\u00eb P\u00ebrmetit, nga nd\u00ebrtimi rreth viteve 1600 deri tek transformimi n\u00eb ‘sht\u00ebpi kulture’ nga regjimi komunist m\u00eb 1967 dhe nd\u00ebrhyrjet pas tij.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"nentitulli":"Arkitektura e Kish\u00ebs (pjesa e dyt\u00eb)","numri":"5 (124)","viti":"2003","muaji":"Maj","muaji_numer":"5","dita":"","faqet":"[3, 4]","fjale_kyce":"[\"P\u00ebrmet\", \"Kisha e Lindjes s\u00eb Hyjlind\u00ebses\", \"Pazari i Vjet\u00ebr\", \"arkitektur\u00eb bizantine\", \"Meleti\", \"faza konstruktive\", \"1934\", \"monizmi\", \"sht\u00ebpi kulture\", \"restaurim\"]","permbledhje":"Studim i holl\u00ebsish\u00ebm arkitektonik mbi kat\u00ebr fazat konstruktive t\u00eb Kish\u00ebs 'Lindja e Hyjlind\u00ebses' n\u00eb Pazarin e Vjet\u00ebr t\u00eb P\u00ebrmetit, nga nd\u00ebrtimi rreth viteve 1600 deri tek transformimi n\u00eb 'sht\u00ebpi kulture' nga regjimi komunist m\u00eb 1967 dhe nd\u00ebrhyrjet pas tij.","autori":"Dr. Kostandinos Gjakumis (bizantinolog), Joan Stratob\u00ebrdha (arkitekt)","kategoria":"Studim \/ Histori \/ Trash\u00ebgimi kulturore","kryeredaktor":"Thoma Dhima"},"ngjallja_kategoria":[10995],"ngjallja_autori":[10987],"ngjallja_viti":[10935],"ngjallja_kryeredaktor":[9473],"class_list":["post-86176","ngjallja_article","type-ngjallja_article","status-publish","hentry","ngjallja_kategoria-studim-histori-trashegimi-kulturore","ngjallja_autori-dr-kostandinos-gjakumis-bizantinolog-joan-stratoberdha-arkitekt","ngjallja_viti-10935","ngjallja_kryeredaktor-thoma-dhima"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n