Kisha e Sh\u00ebn Maris\u00eb n\u00eb Manastirin e Apolonis\u00eb<\/p>\n
Apolonia, sipas burimeve historike, n\u00eb shek. V del si episkopale m\u00eb vete, me episkop Feliksin. Si e till\u00eb, ajo vazhdon t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendet edhe n\u00eb shek. VI. K\u00ebto t\u00eb dh\u00ebna tregojn\u00eb, se bashk\u00ebsia e krishter\u00eb, q\u00eb thuhet se ishte krijuar nga Apostull Pavli, jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb mbijetoi, por edhe u zhvillua, duke arritur t\u00eb b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr episkopale e d\u00ebgjuar.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb vazhdim t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre shekujve, p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb krijohet nj\u00eb gjendje shum\u00eb e err\u00ebt p\u00ebrsa u p\u00ebrket burimeve historike. Megjithat\u00eb, monumentet q\u00eb shp\u00ebtuan d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb vazhdim\u00ebsin\u00eb. Nisur prej tyre krijohet mund\u00ebsia, q\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00ebsohen dhe t\u00eb sakt\u00ebsohen t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr hartimin e historis\u00eb s\u00eb kish\u00ebs dhe besimit t\u00eb krishter\u00eb n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb nga k\u00ebto monumente, i cili arriti t\u00eb shp\u00ebtoj\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjendje disi t\u00eb mir\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kisha dhe pjes\u00ebrisht manastiri i Sh\u00ebn Maris\u00eb n\u00eb Apoloni.<\/p>\n
Kisha e k\u00ebtij manastiri \u00ebsht\u00eb konsideruar nga studiues t\u00eb derisot\u00ebm si nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtim i shek. XII-XIV. Por, mendojm\u00eb, se faza fillestare e nd\u00ebrtimit duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e hershme. Ka shum\u00eb mund\u00ebsi, q\u00eb kjo kish\u00eb t\u00eb lidhet me katedralen e episkopat\u00ebs s\u00eb shek. V-VI. Si element kryesor p\u00ebr t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur k\u00ebt\u00eb mendim \u00ebsht\u00eb shkallarja p\u00ebrreth apsid\u00ebs s\u00eb kish\u00ebs, n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e brendshme t\u00eb saj, q\u00eb ruhet pjes\u00ebrisht deri n\u00eb dit\u00ebt tona. Kjo shkallare tregon, qart\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb funksion t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb dhe konkretisht p\u00ebr vendosjen e froneve ku uleshin episkop\u00ebt. Ky element \u00ebsht\u00eb konstatuar edhe m\u00eb par\u00eb dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb pranuar se kisha ka qen\u00eb kated\u00ebr episkopale, por nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb sqaruar fakti, se n\u00eb shek. XII-XIV Apolonia nuk ka qen\u00eb asnj\u00eb her\u00eb qend\u00ebr episkopale. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb datim t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj kishe, tregojn\u00eb, jo vet\u00ebm zgjidhja arkitektonike, por, edhe teknika e nd\u00ebrtimit dhe materialet e p\u00ebrdorura n\u00eb faz\u00ebn fillestare t\u00eb saj.<\/p>\n
Kisha e Sh\u00ebn Maris\u00eb n\u00eb Manastirin e Apolonis\u00eb, si\u00e7 v\u00ebrehet edhe n\u00eb gjendjen e sotme, paraqet nj\u00eb zgjidhje arkitektonike t\u00eb mir\u00ebnjohur, q\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb lashta t\u00eb kishave bizantine. Nga ana tipollogjike kjo kish\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihet n\u00eb kishat e tipit “kryqi i brendashkruar me kupol\u00eb”. Ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb me p\u00ebrmasa t\u00eb konsiderueshme p\u00ebr nj\u00eb kish\u00eb manastiri, kurse si katedrale ajo plot\u00ebsonte n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha drejtimet, si an\u00ebn funksionale, ashtu edhe at\u00eb arkitektonike.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb nd\u00ebrtim jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur blloqe guri t\u00eb nxjerra nga rr\u00ebnojat e monumenteve antike t\u00eb Apolonis\u00eb, gj\u00eb q\u00eb e p\u00ebrforcoi mendimin, se faza e par\u00eb e nd\u00ebrtimit lidhet me kish\u00ebn katedrale t\u00eb episkopat\u00ebs s\u00eb Apolonis\u00eb t\u00eb shek. V-VI.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb faqen e brendshme t\u00eb murit per\u00ebndimor t\u00eb sall\u00ebs kryesore \u00ebsht\u00eb ruajtur nj\u00eb cop\u00eb afresku, ku paraqitet portreti i nj\u00eb plaku, ndoshta ndonj\u00eb shenjtor. Kjo pjes\u00eb pikture, megjith\u00ebse shum\u00eb e vog\u00ebl, tregon, se kisha ka qen\u00eb e pikturuar me afreske, q\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb lashta. N\u00eb sondazhet e b\u00ebra m\u00eb von\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb zbuluar edhe nj\u00eb sken\u00eb e vog\u00ebl, e pikturuar n\u00eb niken e majt\u00eb t\u00eb absid\u00ebs. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sken\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl paraqitet zbritja e trupit t\u00eb Krishtit nga kryqi. Kjo piktur\u00eb n\u00eb afresk \u00ebsht\u00eb, gjithashtu e faz\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb pikturimit t\u00eb kish\u00ebs dhe e nj\u00ebkohshme me portretin, q\u00eb p\u00ebrmend\u00ebm. N\u00eb studimet e fundit, fragmentet e piktur\u00ebs murale t\u00eb zbuluara brenda kish\u00ebs, jan\u00eb konsideruar si m\u00eb t\u00eb hershme nga piktura murale e trapezaris\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Manastiri p\u00ebrreth g\u00ebrmadhave t\u00eb katedrales s\u00eb Apolonis\u00eb, tregon p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb rigjall\u00ebrimi t\u00eb besimit dhe kish\u00ebs s\u00eb krishter\u00eb. Ky manastir \u00ebsht\u00eb nga m\u00eb t\u00eb hershmit n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e Myzeqes\u00eb dhe n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e tij ishte edhe nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme kulturore kishtare. P\u00ebr periudh\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtij manastiri nuk ka ndonj\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb historike. Ekziston di\u00e7ka p\u00ebr pranin\u00eb e nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtese t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb brenda oborrit, e cila, p\u00ebr nga trajtimi arkitektonik dhe zbukurimi i brendsh\u00ebm, tregon se ishte trapezaria e manastirit. Kjo trapezari ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi, sepse \u00ebsht\u00eb e vetmja, q\u00eb ruhet n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr ajo ka vlera t\u00eb m\u00ebdha arkitektonike e artistike t\u00eb ruajtura mjaft mir\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Trapezaria paraqitet me nj\u00eb planimetri t\u00eb tipit bazilik n\u00eb form\u00eb kryqi. Ka nj\u00eb sall\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb me tre absida t\u00eb vendosura n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn jugore, e cila p\u00ebrcakton dhe vendin kryesor t\u00eb vet\u00eb trapezaris\u00eb. Tapezaria ka nj\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe rreth 70 m2, \u00e7ka tregon, se brenda saj shtrohej nj\u00eb trapez\u00eb, rreth s\u00eb cil\u00ebs mund t\u00eb uleshin mbi 70 veta. Ky num\u00ebr tregon indirekt p\u00ebr nj\u00eb manastir me nj\u00eb personel, klerik\u00eb e parik\u00eb, me nj\u00eb funksion t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb qoft\u00eb se kemi parasysh diplom\u00ebn e perandorit bizantin Vasili i II, drejtuar kryepiskopit t\u00eb Ohrit, n\u00eb vitin 1019, me an\u00eb t\u00eb s\u00eb cil\u00ebs i caktohen kryepiskopat\u00ebs s\u00eb Ohrit, p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb territorin n\u00eb var\u00ebsin\u00eb e saj, 40 klerik\u00eb dhe 30 parik\u00eb etj., at\u00ebhere mendojm\u00eb, se Manastiri i Sh\u00ebn Maris\u00eb n\u00eb Apoloni ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr kulturore e krishter\u00eb me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Nd\u00ebrtimet e periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb mendojm\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebkohshme me rind\u00ebrtimin e p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm t\u00eb kish\u00ebs s\u00eb rr\u00ebzuar, si dhe vet\u00eb themelimin e manastirit. Teknika e p\u00ebrdorur \u00ebsht\u00eb njohur edhe n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e mureve rrethues t\u00eb kalave mesjetare, si n\u00eb Butrint, Berat etj. dhe z\u00eb fill me rind\u00ebrtimin e kishave gjat\u00eb shek. X-XII.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb von\u00eb se nd\u00ebrtimi i trapezaris\u00eb, kish\u00ebs i \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar edhe eksonarth\u00ebksi, i cili ruhet n\u00eb gjendje thuajse t\u00eb plot\u00eb. N\u00eb brend\u00ebsi t\u00eb narth\u00ebksit ruhet nj\u00eb sken\u00eb e pikturuar, ku paraqitet familja perandorake e der\u00ebs s\u00eb Paleollog\u00ebve. N\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj skene paraqitet perandori Mihail Paleollogu i VIII. Ai me veshje ceremoniale, q\u00ebndron para s\u00eb T\u00ebr\u00ebshenjt\u00ebs Mari, q\u00eb i ka dor\u00ebzuar, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb figurative tempullin e dhuruar prej tij. Perandori mban n\u00eb dor\u00eb nj\u00eb krisobul\u00eb, ku mendohet se jan\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar edhe pronat e dhuruara me k\u00ebt\u00eb rast nga perandori. N\u00eb nj\u00eb mbishkrim, q\u00eb ruhet n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sken\u00eb perandorin e paraqet si mbrojt\u00ebs i murgj\u00ebrve, gj\u00eb, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb lidhet me funksionin kryesor, q\u00eb dukej se ushtronte akoma ky manastir n\u00eb pregatitjen e klerit t\u00eb krishter\u00eb. N\u00eb mbishkrime t\u00eb tjera prezantohen persona t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb familjes perandorake, q\u00eb marrin pjes\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb ceremoni kaq t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme.<\/p>\n
Piktura murale e k\u00ebsaj skene \u00ebsht\u00eb trash\u00ebguar shum\u00eb e d\u00ebmtuar dhe fatkeq\u00ebsia m\u00eb e madhe \u00ebsht\u00eb, se megjith\u00eb kujdesin q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb treguar me nd\u00ebrhyrje restauruese, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nga specialist\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fush\u00eb, ngjyrat e piktur\u00ebs vijn\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb, duke u zbehur. Kjo gj\u00eb tregon, se vlerat artistike t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj vepre unikale p\u00ebr vendin ton\u00eb jan\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb n\u00eb rrezik t\u00eb humbasin.<\/p>\n
Duke analizuar t\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb nxirren nga vler\u00ebsimi arkitektonik, i piktur\u00ebs murale, mbishkrimeve, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb lexohen, si edhe nga elemente t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb eksonarth\u00ebksit, mund t\u00eb arrihet n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin, se kisha dhe manastiri i Apolonis\u00eb kan\u00eb pasur nj\u00eb rind\u00ebrtim ndoshta edhe nj\u00eb riorganizim n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e sundimit t\u00eb perandorit Mihail Paleollogut VIII.<\/p>\n
Nd\u00ebrhyrja m\u00eb e fundit n\u00eb konaket e manastirit, gjysm\u00eb t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrruar nga operacionet luftarake Austro-Italiane t\u00eb viteve 1916-1918, ishin nd\u00ebrtimet e viteve 1960 koh\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn manastiri u kthye n\u00eb muze arkeologjik. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb edhe n\u00eb kish\u00eb u ndalua t\u00eb kryheshin ritet fetare.<\/p>\n
Kjo do t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e shkurt\u00ebr e historis\u00eb, thuajse 2000 vje\u00e7are e kish\u00ebs dhe bashk\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb krishter\u00eb, themelet e s\u00eb cil\u00ebs thuhet se i vuri vet\u00eb Apostull Pavli n\u00eb Apolonin\u00eb e Iliris\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Ko\u00e7o Zheku<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Studim historik dhe arkitektonik i kish\u00ebs dhe manastirit t\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Maris\u00eb n\u00eb Apoloni, q\u00eb datojn\u00eb qysh nga shek. V-VI (katedralja episkopale) deri n\u00eb shek. XIII (rind\u00ebrtimi n\u00ebn Mihail Paleollogun VIII). P\u00ebrshkruan tipologjin\u00eb arkitektonike, pikturat murale dhe trapezarin\u00eb unike.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"nentitulli":"","numri":"3 (54)","viti":"1997","muaji":"Mars","muaji_numer":"3","dita":"","faqet":"[10]","fjale_kyce":"[\"Apolonia\", \"Manastiri i Sh\u00ebn Maris\u00eb\", \"Apostull Pavli\", \"katedrale\", \"episkopata\", \"Mihail Paleollogu\", \"afreske\", \"trapezari\", \"eksonarth\u00ebks\", \"Myzeqe\", \"Ko\u00e7o Zheku\"]","permbledhje":"Studim historik dhe arkitektonik i kish\u00ebs dhe manastirit t\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Maris\u00eb n\u00eb Apoloni, q\u00eb datojn\u00eb qysh nga shek. V-VI (katedralja episkopale) deri n\u00eb shek. XIII (rind\u00ebrtimi n\u00ebn Mihail Paleollogun VIII). P\u00ebrshkruan tipologjin\u00eb arkitektonike, pikturat murale dhe trapezarin\u00eb unike.","autori":"Ko\u00e7o Zheku","kategoria":"Histori \/ Arkitektur\u00eb kishtare","kryeredaktor":"Thoma Dhima"},"ngjallja_kategoria":[9506],"ngjallja_autori":[9443],"ngjallja_viti":[10219],"ngjallja_kryeredaktor":[9473],"class_list":["post-84014","ngjallja_article","type-ngjallja_article","status-publish","hentry","ngjallja_kategoria-histori-arkitekture-kishtare","ngjallja_autori-koco-zheku","ngjallja_viti-10219","ngjallja_kryeredaktor-thoma-dhima"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n