Disa t\u00eb dh\u00ebna mbi jet\u00ebn e piktor Onufrit dhe Nikoll\u00ebs<\/p>\n
N\u00eb ver\u00eb t\u00eb vitit 1951 nj\u00eb ekspedit\u00eb shkencore e ish-Institutit t\u00eb Shkencave zbuloi p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb kish\u00ebn e Sh\u00ebn Kollit t\u00eb katundit Shelcan (Shpat i Elbasanit) nj\u00eb mbishkrim, i cili na dha p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb emrin e piktorit ton\u00eb t\u00eb madh, Onufrit. Ja teksti i mbishkrimit: “Kur t\u00eb ngresh duart e tua te Per\u00ebndia o meshtar i Per\u00ebndis\u00eb, m\u00eb p\u00ebrmend edhe mua m\u00ebkatarin e t\u00eb paditurin piktor Onufrin”. Ky mbishkrim gjendet mbi faqen e murit verior t\u00eb kish\u00ebs, brenda n\u00eb kung\u00eb, pran\u00eb thisiasterit, i pikturuar me g\u00ebrma bizantine t\u00eb m\u00ebdha e t\u00eb zeza.<\/p>\n
Gjat\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb saj ekspedita zbuloi edhe dy mbishkrime t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb Onufrit n\u00eb Kish\u00ebn e Sh\u00ebn e Premtes n\u00eb katundin Val\u00ebsh (Shpat i Elbasanit), nj\u00ebri nga t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ka po at\u00eb tekst q\u00eb tham\u00eb m\u00eb sip\u00ebr, por me k\u00ebt\u00eb shtojc\u00eb: “… m\u00eb p\u00ebrmend dhe mua m\u00ebkatarin Onuf\u00ebr, prift, piktor dhe protopap\u00eb t\u00eb Neokastr\u00ebs”, kurse mbishkrimi tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kish\u00eb mban dat\u00ebn e pikturimit 1554.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb ver\u00eb t\u00eb vitit 1956 ekspedita e ish Institutit t\u00eb Shkencave zbuloi n\u00eb nj\u00eb kish\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb Beratit (Kisha e Sh\u00ebn Todrit n\u00eb Kala) edhe 6 afreske t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb Onufrit, me gjith\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebto pun\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb ndonj\u00eb mbishkrim t\u00eb autorit. Po n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb, ekspedita zbuloi n\u00eb Berat (n\u00eb Kish\u00ebn shum\u00eb t\u00eb mo\u00e7me t\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Maris\u00eb Vllaherna), nj\u00eb mbishkrim q\u00eb na b\u00ebn t\u00eb njohur piktor Nikoll\u00ebn si bir t\u00eb Onufrit, me k\u00ebto fjal\u00eb: “dhe piktori (\u00ebsht\u00eb) Nikolla i biri i Onufrit, viti 1578”. Me k\u00ebt\u00eb rast piktor Nikolla p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00ebn her\u00eb identifikohet si i biri i Onufrit.<\/p>\n
Gjat\u00eb qershorit t\u00eb atij viti ekspedita e Institutit t\u00eb historis\u00eb dhe filologjis\u00eb pran\u00eb Universitetit Shtet\u00ebror t\u00eb Tiran\u00ebs, zbuloi n\u00eb Kish\u00ebn e Sh\u00ebn Kollit n\u00eb katundin Kurjan (Fier) nj\u00eb mbishkrim q\u00eb v\u00ebrteton se Nikolla, i biri i Onufrit, ka pikturuar edhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kish\u00eb bashk\u00eb me nj\u00eb piktor, m\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb nga ky, me emrin Joan, pa t\u00eb dh\u00ebna mbi prejardhjen e k\u00ebtij. Burime q\u00eb t\u00eb na flasin mbi k\u00ebta piktor\u00eb deri m\u00eb sot jan\u00eb vet\u00ebm mbishkrimet e tyre t\u00eb dh\u00ebna m\u00eb sip\u00ebr dhe afresket e tyre.<\/p>\n
Nga k\u00ebta mbishkrime nuk del n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb prejardhja e Onufrit, por vet\u00ebm se ai ka pas\u00eb qen\u00eb prift i martuar me f\u00ebmij\u00eb dhe i graduar kryeprift i Neokastr\u00ebs (Elbasanit). Po t\u00eb ishte prej ndonj\u00eb vendi m\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebgjuar se Neokastra ai duhej ta theksonte k\u00ebt\u00eb gj\u00eb n\u00eb mbishkrim, por duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb nga Elbasani ose prej ndonj\u00eb vendi m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl af\u00ebr k\u00ebtij.<\/p>\n
Mbishkrimi i Nikoll\u00ebs nuk na jep asnj\u00eb shpjegim mbi Onufrin, t\u00eb atin e piktorit, ndofta sepse Onufri si piktor n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, ka qen\u00eb i njohur, prandaj Nikolla, me fraz\u00ebn e shkurt\u00ebr “bir i Onufrit”, jep t\u00eb kuptohet se i biri i kujt prindi \u00ebsht\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Gjithashtu mbi vitin e lindjes dhe t\u00eb vdekjes s\u00eb Onufrit dhe t\u00eb birit t\u00eb tij Nikoll\u00ebs nuk mund t\u00eb flitet me sakt\u00ebsi. Prej Onufrit kemi vet\u00ebm vitin e pikturimit t\u00eb Kish\u00ebs s\u00eb Sh\u00ebn e Premtes n\u00eb Val\u00ebsh, 1554, dhe prej Nikoll\u00ebs vitin e pikturimit t\u00eb Kish\u00ebs s\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Maris\u00eb Vllaherna n\u00eb Berat, 1578. Prej k\u00ebtyre vjet\u00ebve del se piktor\u00ebt, at\u00eb e bir, Onufri me Nikoll\u00ebn, kan\u00eb jetuar edhe punuar n\u00eb shek. XVI.<\/p>\n
Veprimtaria e ikonograf\u00ebve<\/p>\n
Nga \u00e7’\u00ebsht\u00eb ruajtur deri m\u00eb sot, dim\u00eb se Onufri ka pikturuar tre kisha: at\u00eb t\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Kollit n\u00eb Shelcan, t\u00eb Sh\u00ebn e Premtes n\u00eb Val\u00ebsh dhe t\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Todrit n\u00eb Kala t\u00eb Beratit.<\/p>\n
K\u00ebto dy kisha t\u00eb fundit ruajn\u00eb afreske t\u00eb Onufrit, kurse Kisha e Sh\u00ebn Kollit n\u00eb Shelcan n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn lindore t\u00eb saj ka edhe pak afreske t\u00eb nj\u00eb dore tjet\u00ebr, ndofta m\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb se Onufri. Ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn per\u00ebndimore t\u00eb kish\u00ebs s\u00eb Shelcanit, mbi afresket e Onufrit ka pikturuar edhe nj\u00eb piktor anonim, nj\u00eb shekull m\u00eb von\u00eb se Onufri, si\u00e7 e v\u00ebrteton mbishkrimi me datimin 1625 mbi port\u00ebn per\u00ebndimore brenda kish\u00ebs, si dhe tematika e stili i afreskeve t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj pjese.<\/p>\n
Afresket e vjetra t\u00eb pjes\u00ebs lindore t\u00eb kish\u00ebs s\u00eb Shelcanit n\u00eb krahasim me ato t\u00eb Onufrit jan\u00eb artistikisht m\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebta. Ato jan\u00eb t\u00eb stilit thjesht bizantin dhe ndryshojn\u00eb shum\u00eb me ato t\u00eb Onufrit (p.sh Sh\u00ebn Kolli, Sh\u00ebn Joan Pag\u00ebzori dhe disa skena t\u00eb tjera). Mendojm\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebto t\u00eb jen\u00eb pun\u00eb e ndonj\u00eb mjeshtri para Onufrit.<\/p>\n
Afreskat m\u00eb t\u00eb mira t\u00eb kish\u00ebs s\u00eb Shelcanit, si p.sh Sh\u00ebn Maria n\u00eb ikonostas, profet\u00ebt, keruvimet dhe serafimet, dhiakon\u00ebt, disa nga skenat me afreske t\u00eb m\u00ebdha etj., jan\u00eb t\u00eb dor\u00ebs s\u00eb Onufrit, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb i vetmi q\u00eb p\u00ebrmendet si piktor n\u00eb mbishkrimin q\u00eb ndodhet n\u00eb kung\u00eb t\u00eb kish\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
Kisha e Sh\u00ebn Todrit n\u00eb Berat ruan vet\u00ebm gjasht\u00eb afreske t\u00eb Onufrit n\u00eb apsid\u00eb dhe n\u00eb faqen e murit lindor n\u00eb kung\u00eb, t\u00eb tjerat ose kan\u00eb r\u00ebn\u00eb krejt me gjith\u00eb suvan\u00eb ose gjenden t\u00eb mbuluara n\u00ebn t\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Vepra t\u00eb piktor Nikoll\u00ebs, t\u00eb birit t\u00eb Onufrit, gjejm\u00eb n\u00eb Kish\u00ebn e Sh\u00ebn Maris\u00eb Vllaherna n\u00eb Berat dhe n\u00eb Kish\u00ebn e Sh\u00ebn Kollit n\u00eb Kurjan t\u00eb Fierit. Kish\u00ebn Vllaherna Nikolla nuk e ka pikturuar t\u00eb gjith\u00eb. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 pun\u00ebve origjinale n\u00eb kung\u00eb e gjetiu, n\u00eb t\u00eb ai ka pikturuar mbi afreske t\u00eb vjetra t\u00eb d\u00ebmtuara; di\u00e7ka nga t\u00eb vjetrat t\u00eb paprekura prej dor\u00ebs s\u00eb Nikoll\u00ebs ruhen edhe sot. Ato jan\u00eb t\u00eb shek XIV. N\u00eb kish\u00ebn e Kurjanit Nikolla ka bashk\u00ebpunuar me nj\u00eb piktor tjet\u00ebr me emrin Joan, prejardhja e t\u00eb cilit nuk njihet akoma. Ve\u00e7 n\u00eb k\u00ebto dy kisha, vepra t\u00eb piktor Nikoll\u00ebs nuk jan\u00eb gjetur m\u00eb n\u00eb asnj\u00eb vend tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri deri m\u00eb sot.<\/p>\n
Vall\u00eb e gjith\u00eb veprimtaria e k\u00ebtyre piktor\u00ebve n\u00eb k\u00ebto dy kisha u derdh? Dihet se jeta e nj\u00eb piktori jep t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn dhjet\u00ebfishin e pun\u00ebs q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ruajtur, si prej Onufrit ashtu edhe prej Nikoll\u00ebs. Pra, me shum\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb mund t\u00eb mendohet se veprimtaria e tyre ka pas\u00eb qen\u00eb m\u00eb e madhe se ajo pjes\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ruajtur deri m\u00eb sot n\u00eb dit\u00ebt tona, dhe se k\u00ebto q\u00eb ruhen deri m\u00eb sot jan\u00eb vet\u00ebm fragmente t\u00eb veprimtaris\u00eb s\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n
Shekulli XVI tek ne nuk u shqua ndonj\u00eb veprimtari nd\u00ebrtimi p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb gjendjes s\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb politike dhe ekonomike, prandaj duhet t\u00eb mendohet q\u00eb edhe piktor\u00ebt tan\u00eb, Onufri, Nikolla dhe Joani, veprimtarin\u00eb e tyre t\u00eb mos ta ken\u00eb zhvilluar n\u00eb godina t\u00eb reja. Me gjith\u00eb shtypjen nga ana e pushtuesve turq, populli ishte me shpirt t\u00eb ndem p\u00ebr kryengritje. Kjo gj\u00ebndje shpjegon faktin pse piktor\u00ebt tan\u00eb, Onufri me Nikoll\u00ebn, veprimtarin\u00eb e tyre ta ken\u00eb zhvilluar n\u00ebp\u00ebr kisha t\u00eb vjetra e t\u00eb vogla, dhe m\u00eb tep\u00ebr n\u00ebp\u00ebr paraklise, larg rrug\u00ebve kryesore e komunikacionit, n\u00eb thell\u00ebsit\u00eb e mal\u00ebsive, t\u00eb cilat at\u00ebhere u q\u00ebndronin trim\u00ebrisht pushtuesve otoman.<\/p>\n
Tematika e Onufrit dhe Nikoll\u00ebs<\/p>\n
Si Onufri dhe Nikolla kan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur tematik\u00ebn q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorej n\u00eb kishat e vogla t\u00eb katundeve. Kjo tematik\u00eb trajton profet\u00ebt me tekstet e profetizimit n\u00eb duar, skena me festat e m\u00ebdha t\u00eb Krishtit, me martir\u00ebt e Kish\u00ebs, me hierark\u00ebt e m\u00ebdhenj, me asket\u00ebt e dalluar, me keruvimet e serafimet etj. Onufri p\u00ebrve\u00e7 tem\u00ebs “Mandili i shenjt\u00eb” q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb koka e Krishtit mbi nj\u00eb riz\u00eb, p\u00ebrdor dhe tem\u00ebn Krishti n\u00eb tri fytyr\u00eb, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi nj\u00eb tem\u00eb e rrall\u00eb.<\/p>\n
K\u00ebto tema tek Onufri e Nikolla kan\u00eb nj\u00eb radhitje q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb e zakonshme n\u00ebp\u00ebr kishat e vogla n\u00eb form\u00eb kat\u00ebk\u00ebnd\u00ebsh k\u00ebnd\u00ebdrejt\u00eb: faqja e murit n\u00ebn tavan fillon me nj\u00eb brez t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb me profet\u00ebt deri n\u00eb brez (p\u00ebr t\u00eb treguar se k\u00ebta kan\u00eb profetizuar jet\u00ebn e Krishtit), n\u00ebn to vjen brezi me skenat e m\u00ebdha nga jeta e Krishtit (si realizim i profecive t\u00eb profet\u00ebve), brezi i tret\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i ngusht\u00eb me martir\u00ebt n\u00eb medaljone deri n\u00eb brez, si d\u00ebshmues t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb m\u00ebsimeve t\u00eb Krishtit dhe n\u00eb fund, brezi m\u00eb i madh p\u00ebrmban shenjtor\u00eb t\u00eb dalluar nga radh\u00ebt e apostujve, t\u00eb martir\u00ebve, t\u00eb et\u00ebrve, t\u00eb asket\u00ebve, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00eb (strateg\u00ebt mbi kuaj) n\u00eb tansi dhe gati n\u00eb madh\u00ebsi natyrale.<\/p>\n
Megjithq\u00eb Onufri ruan rregullin e vjet\u00ebr t\u00eb radhitjes s\u00eb skenave n\u00eb kish\u00eb, ai ka ditur q\u00eb skenave t\u00eb pikturuara ve\u00e7 e ve\u00e7 t’u jap\u00eb nj\u00eb unitet, t’i harmonizoj\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb. P.sh. Kryedhiakon Stefani, n\u00eb faqen e murit verior n\u00eb altarin e Kish\u00ebs s\u00eb Sh\u00ebn e Premtes n\u00eb Val\u00ebsh, \u00ebsht\u00eb drejtuar nga Krishti i vdekur, i zbritur nga kryqi, dhe e v\u00ebshtron at\u00eb me nderim: n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb sken\u00ebs “Zbritja nga kryqi” \u00ebsht\u00eb stilit Danieli mbi stilin (pirgun) e tij, i cili e v\u00ebshtron sken\u00ebn i pik\u00eblluar. Mbi sken\u00ebn e kryq\u00ebzimit, po n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kish\u00eb, jasht\u00eb kung\u00ebs, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb profet i panjohur, q\u00eb mban n\u00eb dor\u00eb profetin\u00eb mbi kryq\u00ebzimin dhe e tregon me gisht Krishtin t\u00eb kryq\u00ebzuar. Hierark\u00ebt n\u00eb kung\u00eb q\u00eb jan\u00eb pikturuar nj\u00ebri pas tjetrit, t\u00eb kthyer nga altari, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb pikturuar me “dhuratat” (kungat\u00ebn) n\u00eb apsid\u00eb, duken sikur jan\u00eb duke shkuar drejt altarit. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, po t\u00eb v\u00ebshtrohen me v\u00ebmendje, t\u00eb gjitha afresket kan\u00eb lidhje kronologjike e hierarkike n\u00eb mes t\u00eb tyre. Kjo tematik\u00eb dhe radhitje vazhdon n\u00eb kishat e vogla dhe gjat\u00eb shekujve t\u00eb m\u00ebvonsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n
Afresket e Onufrit dhe t\u00eb Nikoll\u00ebs i cil\u00ebson vizatimi i p\u00ebrpikt\u00eb, p\u00ebrpjestimet e rregullta, plastika e lir\u00eb, pozicionet dhe l\u00ebvizjet natyrore, gama harmonike e ngjyrave, dhe mbi t\u00eb gjitha shprehja e thell\u00eb plot\u00eb jet\u00eb e fytyrave. N\u00eb fytyrat e hierark\u00ebve v\u00ebrehet nj\u00eb but\u00ebsi, nj\u00eb ngroht\u00ebsi shpirt\u00ebrore, sikur t\u00eb m\u00ebshirojn\u00eb, v\u00ebrehet nj\u00eb men\u00e7uri e lart\u00eb; piktor\u00ebt sikur kan\u00eb dashur t\u00eb tregojn\u00eb me k\u00ebt\u00eb transformimin e hierark\u00ebve n\u00eb njer\u00ebz t\u00eb shenjt\u00eb. K\u00ebto tipe Onufri dhe Nikolla i kan\u00eb marr\u00eb nga populli yn\u00eb, sidomos nga ai i Beratit, t\u00eb cilin e cil\u00ebson but\u00ebsia natyrale.<\/p>\n
Vlera e madhe e k\u00ebtyre piktor\u00ebve tan\u00eb nuk q\u00ebndron vet\u00ebm n\u00eb cil\u00ebsit\u00eb artistike q\u00eb theksuam. Ata nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht kan\u00eb pas\u00eb qen\u00eb dhe zot\u00ebrues t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb teknik\u00ebs s\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb punimit t\u00eb afreskut dhe t\u00eb harmonizimit t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha skenave n\u00eb nj\u00eb lidhje kronologjike dhe ideologjike, n\u00eb nj\u00eb ansamb\u00ebl me q\u00ebllim t\u00eb vet\u00ebm, p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb efektin didaktik dhe artistik. K\u00ebt\u00eb e d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb pun\u00ebt e tyre me ngjyrat e fresk\u00ebta e t\u00eb gjalla q\u00eb ruhen deri m\u00eb sot dhe radhitja harmonike e skenave me lidhje ideologjike, konform dhe me format arkitektonike t\u00eb godin\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
Theofan Popa<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Studim historik i Theofan Pop\u00ebs mbi ikonograf\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit XVI, Onufrin dhe birin e tij Nikoll\u00ebn. P\u00ebrshkruhen zbulimet e mbishkrimeve dhe afreskeve t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb Shelcan, Val\u00ebsh, Kala t\u00eb Beratit, Vllahern\u00eb dhe Kurjan, midis viteve 1951-1956. Sqarohet q\u00eb Onufri ishte prift dhe protopap\u00eb i Neokastr\u00ebs (Elbasanit), me datime 1554 dhe 1578 p\u00ebr Nikoll\u00ebn. Analizohet tematika ikonografike, stili, harmonia dhe vlera artistike e ansamblit t\u00eb tyre afresk, q\u00eb d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb mjeshtri t\u00eb lart\u00eb teknike dhe ndjenj\u00eb t\u00eb thell\u00eb shpirt\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"nentitulli":"Ikonograf\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit XVI - Disa t\u00eb dh\u00ebna mbi jet\u00ebn e piktor Onufrit dhe Nikoll\u00ebs","numri":"9(35)","viti":"1995","muaji":"Shtator","muaji_numer":"9","dita":"","faqet":"[9, 10]","fjale_kyce":"[\"Onufri\", \"Nikolla\", \"ikonograf\u00eb\", \"shek. XVI\", \"Berat\", \"Elbasan\", \"Shelcan\", \"Val\u00ebsh\", \"Kurjan\", \"Sh\u00ebn e Premte\", \"afreske\", \"Theofan Popa\", \"Joan piktor\"]","permbledhje":"Studim historik i Theofan Pop\u00ebs mbi ikonograf\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit XVI, Onufrin dhe birin e tij Nikoll\u00ebn. P\u00ebrshkruhen zbulimet e mbishkrimeve dhe afreskeve t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb Shelcan, Val\u00ebsh, Kala t\u00eb Beratit, Vllahern\u00eb dhe Kurjan, midis viteve 1951-1956. Sqarohet q\u00eb Onufri ishte prift dhe protopap\u00eb i Neokastr\u00ebs (Elbasanit), me datime 1554 dhe 1578 p\u00ebr Nikoll\u00ebn. Analizohet tematika ikonografike, stili, harmonia dhe vlera artistike e ansamblit t\u00eb tyre afresk, q\u00eb d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb mjeshtri t\u00eb lart\u00eb teknike dhe ndjenj\u00eb t\u00eb thell\u00eb shpirt\u00ebrore.","autori":"Theofan Popa","kategoria":"Histori arti \/ Ikonografi","kryeredaktor":"Thoma Dhima"},"ngjallja_kategoria":[9857],"ngjallja_autori":[9835],"ngjallja_viti":[9667],"ngjallja_kryeredaktor":[9473],"class_list":["post-83440","ngjallja_article","type-ngjallja_article","status-publish","hentry","ngjallja_kategoria-histori-arti-ikonografi","ngjallja_autori-theofan-popa","ngjallja_viti-9667","ngjallja_kryeredaktor-thoma-dhima"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n