{"id":62689,"date":"2025-11-23T00:02:25","date_gmt":"2025-11-22T23:02:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/orthodoxalbania.org\/2020\/?p=62689"},"modified":"2025-11-12T20:36:32","modified_gmt":"2025-11-12T19:36:32","slug":"23-nentor-oshenar-amfiloku-i-ikoniumit-grigori-i-akragandise-oshenar-aleksander-nevski-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/orthodoxalbania.org\/2020\/2025\/11\/23\/23-nentor-oshenar-amfiloku-i-ikoniumit-grigori-i-akragandise-oshenar-aleksander-nevski-2\/","title":{"rendered":"– 23 N\u00ebntor – Osh\u00ebnar Amfiloku i Ikoniumit. Grigori i Akragandis\u00eb. Osh\u00ebnar Aleksand\u00ebr Nevski."},"content":{"rendered":"

– Osh\u00ebnar Amfiloku i Ikoniumit \u2013<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Ati yn\u00eb i shenjt\u00eb Amfiloku lindi mes viteve 340 dhe 345, n\u00eb Dioqesari, nj\u00eb qytez\u00eb n\u00eb Kapadoki. Rridhte nga nj\u00eb familje aristokrate e pasur dhe e krishter\u00eb. Motra e t\u00eb atit, Nona, ishte e \u00ebma e sh\u00ebn Grigor Theologut dhe gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tij, sh\u00ebn Amfiloku mbeti mik dhe shok p\u00ebrpjekjesh i tre Et\u00ebrve nga Kapadokia: Sh\u00ebn Vasilit t\u00eb Madh, sh\u00ebn Grigorit t\u00eb Nazianzit dhe sh\u00ebn Grigorit t\u00eb Nis\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Pas studimeve t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyera n\u00eb retorik\u00eb n\u00eb Antioki pran\u00eb Libaniusit t\u00eb njohur, bashk\u00eb me v\u00ebllan\u00eb e tij, Efimiusin, Amfiloku ndoqi me sukses karrier\u00ebn si avokat n\u00eb Konstandinopoj\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ndon\u00ebse ishte ende i ri, fitoi reputacion p\u00ebr dijen dhe ndershm\u00ebrin\u00eb. I ndihmonte t\u00eb gjith\u00eb sa vuanin nga padrejt\u00ebsia. Pafaj\u00ebsia dhe mir\u00ebsia e tij b\u00ebn\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb ndihmonte nj\u00eb kriminel, gj\u00eb q\u00eb i njollosi fam\u00ebn dhe e detyroi t\u00eb braktiste detyr\u00ebn, rreth vitit 360.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfitoi nga rasti dhe iu p\u00ebrkushtua plot\u00ebsisht Per\u00ebndis\u00eb, me nxitjen dhe k\u00ebshillat e kush\u00ebririt t\u00eb vet, sh\u00ebn Grigor Theologut. Prej shum\u00eb vitesh kishte planifikuar me mikun e tij, Iraklidhin, t\u00eb t\u00ebrhiqeshin n\u00eb shkret\u00ebtir\u00eb, q\u00eb t\u00eb jepeshin pa ndonj\u00eb p\u00ebrkujdesje bote n\u00eb pun\u00ebt asketike dhe n\u00eb soditje. Por hoqi dor\u00eb pjes\u00ebrisht nga ky plan p\u00ebr t\u2019u kujdesur p\u00ebr t\u00eb atin, i cili kishte mbetur vet\u00ebm, i moshuar dhe i s\u00ebmur\u00eb, n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e tyre n\u00eb Oziziala. At\u00ebher\u00eb shenjtori takoi Vasilin e Madh dhe u b\u00eb mik i shtrenjt\u00eb me t\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb nga korrespondent\u00ebt m\u00eb sistematik\u00eb. Imitonte m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e t\u00eb jetuarit t\u00eb m\u00ebsuesit t\u00eb madh t\u00eb Qesaris\u00eb, por q\u00eb nga viti 370, kur Vasili u b\u00eb episkop, Amfiloku iu shmang me kujdes vizitave, nga frika se mos e th\u00ebrriste n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimin baritor t\u00eb Kish\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, m\u00eb 373, banor\u00ebt e qytetit t\u00eb Ikoniumit, kryeqytet i provinc\u00ebs s\u00eb re t\u00eb Likaonis\u00eb, i k\u00ebrkuan sh\u00ebn Vasilit t\u2019u gjente nj\u00eb episkop. Vasili zgjodhi pa ngurrim Amfilokun, t\u00eb cilin e konsideronte si birin e tij shpirt\u00ebror. Megjith\u00ebse kund\u00ebrshtoi, n\u00eb fund e pranoi detyr\u00ebn, pasi u sigurua nga nj\u00eb vizion engj\u00eblli. Problemet kishtare t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj kishe t\u00eb re ishin t\u00eb shumta dhe, n\u00eb mbar\u00eb Lindjen, besimi k\u00ebrc\u00ebnohej nga q\u00ebndrimi i perandorit Valens pro arianizmit. Me ndihm\u00ebn e sh\u00ebn Vasilit dhe i armatosur me besim t\u00eb pal\u00ebkundur, sh\u00ebn Amfiloku luftoi pa u lodhur kund\u00ebr herezis\u00eb me fjal\u00eb, me shkrime dhe me shembullin e jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tij t\u00eb shenjt\u00eb. I p\u00ebrulur, nuk jepej n\u00eb gjykimin e tij vetjak p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtje dogmatike, por k\u00ebrkonte gjithmon\u00eb k\u00ebshillat e m\u00ebsuesit t\u00eb tij, sh\u00ebn Vasilit.<\/p>\n

Pas vdekjes s\u00eb k\u00ebtij t\u00eb fundit, ku mori pjes\u00eb n\u00eb ceremonin\u00eb e varrimit (379), Amfiloku, si episkop i Ikoniumit, e vazhdoi luft\u00ebn kund\u00ebr dishepujve t\u00eb Makedonit, kund\u00ebrshtar\u00eb t\u00eb hyjnis\u00eb s\u00eb Shpirtit t\u00eb Shenjt\u00eb. Ai e shpjegoi dhe e shtjelloi doktrin\u00ebn e sh\u00ebn Vasilit, gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb sinodi lokal dhe, mbi t\u00eb gjitha, gjat\u00eb Sinodit II Ekumenik, mbledhur n\u00eb Konstandinopoj\u00eb m\u00eb 381, i shoq\u00ebruar nga sh\u00ebn Grigor Theologu, sh\u00ebn Grigori i Nis\u00ebs dhe 1050 Et\u00ebrit hyjmbajt\u00ebs q\u00eb shpall\u00ebn hyjnin\u00eb e plot\u00eb t\u00eb Shpirtit t\u00eb Shenjt\u00eb, t\u00eb bashk\u00ebsubstancsh\u00ebm me Atin dhe Birin.<\/p>\n

Meq\u00eb perandori i ri, Theodhosi i Madh, nuk ishte ende i sigurt n\u00eb besimin orthodhoks mbi hyjnin\u00eb e Fjal\u00ebs, Amfiloku shkoi nj\u00eb dit\u00eb n\u00eb oborr, e p\u00ebrsh\u00ebndeti me respekt perandorin, por q\u00ebllimisht i dha nj\u00eb p\u00ebrsh\u00ebndetje p\u00ebr\u00e7muese djalit t\u00eb tij, Arkadhit, q\u00eb i rrinte p\u00ebrkrah. Pasi sovrani u zem\u00ebrua dhe e qortoi episkopin p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb sjellje t\u00eb guximshme, shenjti u tha: \u201cE shikon, ti, o mbret i tok\u00ebs, vuan kur p\u00ebrbuzin birin t\u00ebnd dhe m\u00ebrzitesh, duke v\u00ebrejtur se ky p\u00ebr\u00e7mim t\u00eb prek ty personalisht, por sa m\u00eb tep\u00ebr Per\u00ebndia, Mbreti dhe Ati, i hedh posht\u00eb ata q\u00eb blasfemojn\u00eb Birin e Tij dhe thon\u00eb p\u00ebr T\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i ul\u00ebt!\u201d. Sovrani e kuptoi k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebsim q\u00eb i dha shenjti dhe filloi t\u00eb spastronte t\u00ebr\u00eb pasuesit e arianizmit.<\/p>\n

Kur u kthye n\u00eb kish\u00ebn e tij, sh\u00ebn Amfiloku e kulloti grigj\u00ebn shpirt\u00ebrore n\u00eb vende t\u00eb gjelb\u00ebruara t\u00eb besimit orthodhoks, duke e ngritur n\u00eb praktikimin e virtyteve ungjillore. Fjeti n\u00eb paqe n\u00eb mosh\u00eb t\u00eb madhe, n\u00eb dit\u00ebt e fundit t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 4-t, duke l\u00ebn\u00eb fjalime dhe ligj\u00ebrata p\u00ebr besimin orthodhoks, prej t\u00eb cilave ka mbetur vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i pak\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

* * * * *<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Osh\u00ebnar Aleksand\u00ebr Nevski \u2013<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb epok\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb historis\u00eb s\u00eb popullit rus, sh\u00ebn Aleksandri shk\u00eblqeu me guximin dhe virtytet e tij si kryetar i shtetit t\u00eb krishter\u00eb: energjik, vigjilent, mbrojt\u00ebs i besimit dhe i drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb, mori nga Per\u00ebndia detyr\u00ebn t\u00eb ishte n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb popullit t\u00eb tij, t\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuar nga t\u00eb gjitha an\u00ebt. Q\u00eb n\u00eb mosh\u00eb t\u00eb re, hyri n\u00eb ushtri dhe u p\u00ebrgatit n\u00eb artin e qeverisjes nga i ati Iaroslavi, princ i qytetit t\u00eb Perejiaslavit.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb 1228, ende 10 vje\u00e7, bashk\u00eb me v\u00ebllan\u00eb e tij t\u00eb madh u b\u00eb princ i qytetit t\u00eb madh t\u00eb Novgorodit. Menj\u00ebher\u00eb u ndesh me v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb e qeverisjes, sepse banor\u00ebt e qytetit ishin ndar\u00eb nga luft\u00ebrat v\u00ebllavras\u00ebse mes t\u00eb pasurve dhe t\u00eb varf\u00ebrve t\u00eb shtypur nga taksat dhe tirania e fisnik\u00ebve. M\u00eb 1231, kjo situat\u00eb u r\u00ebndua edhe nga zia e buk\u00ebs dhe nj\u00eb dim\u00ebr tmerr\u00ebsisht i ashp\u00ebr, gj\u00eb q\u00eb solli shum\u00eb viktima. Ai nxori t\u00ebr\u00eb rezervat dhe i ndihmonte personalisht si t\u00eb varfrit, ashtu edhe t\u00eb pasurit.<\/p>\n

Q\u00eb prej vitit 1223, tartar\u00ebt e ardhur nga Azia Qendrore kishin pushtuar dhe shkat\u00ebrruar territore t\u00eb shumta, dhe mes viteve 1237 dhe 1239, kishin dep\u00ebrtuar n\u00eb Rusi, duke vrar\u00eb e pla\u00e7kitur kudo ku shkelnin. Q\u00ebndruan n\u00eb Vladimir, por ndaluan rreth 100 km nga Novgorodi, p\u00ebr t\u2019iu drejtuar m\u00eb pas Kievit dhe p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb shkrumb e hi. U ndal\u00ebn at\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn juglindore t\u00eb Rusis\u00eb, n\u00eb nj\u00eb territor me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi strategjike t\u00eb quajtur \u201cHordhia e Art\u00eb\u201d, duke kontrolluar hyrjen n\u00eb Detin e Zi, n\u00eb Kaukaz dhe n\u00eb Azin\u00eb Qendrore.<\/p>\n

Pas vdekjes s\u00eb v\u00ebllait m\u00eb 1236, Aleksandri u b\u00eb princ i Novgorodit dhe iu desh t\u00eb p\u00ebrballonte rrezikun q\u00eb i vinte nga Per\u00ebndimi, nga mbret\u00ebria e Suedis\u00eb, nga ajo e Lituanis\u00eb dhe nga kalor\u00ebsit teutonik\u00eb (urdh\u00ebr murg\u00ebror ushtarak, q\u00eb vepronte n\u00eb brigjet e Baltikut mes Polonis\u00eb dhe Finland\u00ebs, i cili kishte si mision kthimin me dhun\u00eb t\u00eb popujve sllav\u00eb dhe baltik\u00eb n\u00eb katoliciz\u00ebm), po p\u00ebrpiqeshin s\u00eb bashku t\u00eb pushtonin territoret e principatave ruse t\u00eb dob\u00ebsuara nga invazioni mongol dhe konfliktet mes tyre.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb 16 korrik 1240, Aleksandri u detyrua t\u00eb mblidhte nj\u00eb ushtri q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrballonte sulmin masiv dhe t\u00eb eg\u00ebr t\u00eb suedez\u00ebve n\u00eb betej\u00ebn e Nevas. N\u00eb t\u00eb ngrysur, sh\u00ebn Borisi e Glebi u shfaq\u00ebn mbi nj\u00eb anije t\u00eb mistershme, duke zbritur nga lumi Neva, duke shpejtuar t\u00eb vinin n\u00eb ndihm\u00eb t\u00eb Aleksandrit. T\u00eb forcuar nga ky vizion dhe t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur nga Hyjlind\u00ebsja, Aleksandri dhe njer\u00ebzit e tij fituan mbi armiqt\u00eb. Me gjith\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fitore, populli i Novgorodit, p\u00ebrs\u00ebri e d\u00ebboi p\u00ebr disa koh\u00eb heroin e tij; por nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb von\u00eb, kur kalor\u00ebsit teutonik\u00eb hyn\u00eb n\u00eb Pskov dhe k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuan se do t\u00eb merrnin Novgorodin, ata e thirr\u00ebn p\u00ebrs\u00ebri shenjtin, i cili korri nj\u00eb fitore t\u00eb madhe dhe historike pran\u00eb liqenit Peipus (1242). At\u00ebher\u00eb ai u prit triumfalisht n\u00eb Novgorod dhe kaloi 4 vjet atje, p\u00ebr ta mbrojtur nga inkursionet e lituanez\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Kur nd\u00ebrroi jet\u00eb i ati, m\u00eb 1246, Aleksandri u thirr n\u00eb \u201cHordhin\u00eb e Art\u00eb\u201d, pran\u00eb Khanit tartar, bashk\u00eb me princa t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. Zakoni k\u00ebrkonte q\u00eb t\u2019i b\u00ebhej homazh sovranit mongol, dhe t\u2019i n\u00ebnshtroheshin zakoneve pagane, p\u00ebrndryshe t\u00eb priste vdekja. Aleksandri e dinte k\u00ebt\u00eb, por p\u00ebr asgj\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb tradhtonte besimin e krishter\u00eb, prandaj edhe u p\u00ebrgatit p\u00ebr vdekjen. Kur mb\u00ebrriti para Khanit, nderoi sovranin me p\u00ebrkulje t\u00eb kok\u00ebs, por refuzoi t\u2019u n\u00ebnshtrohej riteve pagane, duke th\u00ebn\u00eb: \u201cMadh\u00ebri, un\u00eb t\u00eb nderoj, sepse Per\u00ebndia t\u00eb dha pushtetin, por nuk mund t\u00eb adhuroj idhujt, sepse jam i krishter\u00eb dhe adhuroj Per\u00ebndin\u00eb e vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Tre Persona, Krijuesin e qiellit dhe t\u00eb tok\u00ebs\u201d.<\/p>\n

Khani, i impresionuar nga guximi i tij dhe duke ditur fitoret e shenjtorit, urdh\u00ebroi q\u00eb t\u00eb mos i b\u00ebnin asgj\u00eb t\u00eb keqe, madje ta mikprisnin me t\u00eb gjitha nderet. Q\u00eb aty, Aleksandri bashk\u00eb me t\u00eb v\u00ebllan\u00eb, Andrein, u d\u00ebrguan te Khani i madh, n\u00eb Karakorum, n\u00eb skajet m\u00eb ekstreme t\u00eb Mongolis\u00eb. U kthye n\u00eb Novgorod m\u00eb 1251, i lodhur dhe i s\u00ebmur\u00eb, por i konfirmuar si princ i Novgorodit dhe i Kievit, duke marr\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjen e pushtuesve.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb 1252 Andrea, princi i Vladimirit, u ngrit kund\u00ebr tartar\u00ebve dhe u b\u00eb aleat me suedez\u00ebt, gj\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnonte t\u2019i sillte Rusis\u00eb vuajtje e nd\u00ebshkime. Aleksandri u kthye p\u00ebrs\u00ebri te krer\u00ebt tartar\u00eb dhe mundi ta evitonte invazionin. Bleu t\u00eb burgosur me rezervat e shtetit dhe, pasi kishte siguruar pushtetin mbi t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Rusin\u00eb, nisi t\u00eb mbledh\u00eb popullin e shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb t\u00eb Kievit.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn periudh\u00eb, princi i shenjt\u00eb duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrballonte edhe k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet e vazhdueshme q\u00eb vinin nga Per\u00ebndimi. Papa i Rom\u00ebs, Inocenti IV, kishte d\u00ebrguar misionar\u00eb te principatat ruse, p\u00ebr ta kthyer popullin orthodhoks n\u00eb romano-katolik\u00eb, por Aleksandri reagoi fuqish\u00ebm, duke i refuzuar dogmat e huaja p\u00ebr tradit\u00ebn apostolike q\u00eb i ishte p\u00ebrcjell\u00eb popullit rus nga misionar\u00ebt bizantin\u00eb. At\u00ebher\u00eb fuqit\u00eb katolike ngrit\u00ebn nj\u00eb \u201ckryq\u00ebzat\u00eb\u201d t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb kund\u00ebr tij. M\u00eb 1256 suedez\u00ebt, danez\u00ebt dhe finlandez\u00ebt, bashk\u00eb me kalor\u00ebsit gjerman\u00eb u sul\u00ebn drejt Novgorodit, por Aleksandri e mundi koalicionin, madje pushtoi edhe Finland\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb 1260, taksat, q\u00eb mongol\u00ebt k\u00ebrkonin, u rrit\u00ebn dhe ata q\u00eb nuk mund t\u2019i shlyenin dot merreshin skllev\u00ebr. Aleksandri u nis p\u00ebrs\u00ebri n\u00eb mision q\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte leht\u00ebsimin e taksave, por, i lodhur nga udh\u00ebtimi dhe s\u00ebmundja nd\u00ebrroi jet\u00eb rrug\u00ebs, m\u00eb 14 n\u00ebntor 1263, pasi kishte veshur skim\u00ebn e madhe murg\u00ebrore n\u00eb shtratin e vdekjes dhe kishte marr\u00eb emrin Aleks.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb varrin e tij u kryen shum\u00eb mrekulli dhe shfaqje, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr fitoret e Rusis\u00eb kund\u00ebr mongol\u00ebve m\u00eb 1380, 1552 dhe 1572. M\u00eb 1380, lipsani i tij u gjet i paprishur. N\u00eb shekullin e 18-t\u00eb u shpall shenjti mbrojt\u00ebs i popullit rus nga cari Pjetri i Madh.<\/p>\n

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– Osh\u00ebnar Amfiloku i Ikoniumit \u2013 Ati yn\u00eb i shenjt\u00eb Amfiloku lindi mes viteve 340 dhe 345, n\u00eb Dioqesari, nj\u00eb qytez\u00eb n\u00eb Kapadoki. Rridhte nga nj\u00eb familje aristokrate e pasur dhe e krishter\u00eb. Motra e t\u00eb atit, Nona, ishte e \u00ebma e sh\u00ebn Grigor Theologut dhe gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tij, sh\u00ebn Amfiloku mbeti mik dhe shok p\u00ebrpjekjesh i tre Et\u00ebrve nga Kapadokia: Sh\u00ebn Vasilit<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":62694,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"pagelayer_contact_templates":[],"_pagelayer_content":"","inline_featured_image":false,"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/farm66.staticflickr.com\/65535\/52529288319_4bf4fc07fe_b.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[372],"tags":[2103,2101],"class_list":["post-62689","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-shenjtoret-e-dites","tag-leximet-e-dites","tag-shenjtori-i-dites"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n- 23 N\u00ebntor - Osh\u00ebnar Amfiloku i Ikoniumit. Grigori i Akragandis\u00eb. 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