{"id":2006,"date":"2012-08-05T16:45:50","date_gmt":"2012-08-05T16:45:50","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2015-03-23T21:06:03","modified_gmt":"2015-03-23T21:06:03","slug":"nga-fillimi-i-shek-xi-deri-ne-vitin-1767","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/orthodoxalbania.org\/2020\/2012\/08\/05\/nga-fillimi-i-shek-xi-deri-ne-vitin-1767\/","title":{"rendered":"Nga fillimi i shek. XI deri n\u00eb vitin 1767"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t    N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb dallojm\u00eb dy faza kronologjike, me vij\u00eb ndar\u00ebse kohore pushtimin osman.
\n\t    P\u00ebr formimin e Kryepiskopat\u00ebs s\u00eb Akridh\u00ebs (Ohrit), n\u00eb vitin 1018 \u2013 pas r\u00ebnies s\u00eb shtetit bullgar t\u00eb Samuelit \u2013 perandori bizantin Vasili II nxori tre sigjile (vendim perandori p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtje kishtare), duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb asaj n\u00eb var\u00ebsi gjithsej 32 krahina kishtare. K\u00ebshtu, u krijua nj\u00eb Kryepiskopat\u00eb e pavarur shum\u00eb e madhe, nga e cila vareshin k\u00ebto episkopata q\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb e sotme: e Glavenic\u00ebs \u2013 Akrokeravnis\u00eb, e Belegradit \u2013 Pulkeriopolit (Beratit), e \u00c7ernik\u00ebs, e Adrianopolit dhe e Butrintit.
\n\t    Mitropolia e Durr\u00ebsit n\u00eb shek. XI \u2013 XIII vazhdon t\u00eb varet nga Patriarkana e Konstandinopoj\u00ebs. Midis kryeprift\u00ebrinj\u00ebve q\u00eb e drejtuan, shquhen: Laurenti (1025), Konstandin Kavasila (1180), Romanoi (1240). Hera e fundit ku p\u00ebrmendet mitropoliti i Durr\u00ebsit n\u00ebn var\u00ebsin\u00eb e Konstandinopoj\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb viti 1280, ku m\u00eb pas shfaqet n\u00ebn var\u00ebsin\u00eb e Kryepiskopat\u00ebs s\u00eb Ohrit. Se si hyri n\u00ebn juridiksionin e saj, kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb. Durr\u00ebsi ishte vendi i lindjes s\u00eb muzikantit t\u00eb madh bizantin Sh\u00ebn Joan Kukuzelit (n\u00eb shek. XII ose sipas disa t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve n\u00eb shek. XIV), i cili jetoi n\u00eb Malin e Shenjt\u00eb (Athos). N\u00eb Malin e Shenjt\u00eb gjithashtu asketuan edhe Sh\u00ebn Nifoni nga Lukova e Himar\u00ebs dhe Sh\u00ebn Nili Erihioti nga Kanina.
\n\t    Pas cop\u00ebtimit t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Bizantine nga latin\u00ebt n\u00eb vitin 1204, zona e Epirit t\u00eb Ri e t\u00eb Vjet\u00ebr u ndikua nga planet ekspansioniste t\u00eb mbret\u00ebrve anzhuin\u00eb t\u00eb Napolit dhe nga planet tregtare t\u00eb venedikasve. Me formimin e Despotatit t\u00eb Epirit (1267 \u2013 1479), shum\u00eb episkopata q\u00eb ndodhen n\u00eb truallin e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb sotme u gjend\u00ebn p\u00ebrball\u00eb ndikimeve t\u00eb ndryshueshme, por q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb p\u00ebrmenden n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb diagram\u00eb t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr e p\u00ebrmbledh\u00ebse historike.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tKisha e Manastirit t\u00eb Fjetjes s\u00eb Hyjlind\u00ebses Mari<\/strong>
\n\t\t\t\t\tKish\u00eb e shek. XIII.
\n\t\t\t\t\tKish\u00eb n\u00eb form\u00eb kryqi me kupol\u00eb.
\n\t\t\t\t\tNdodhet n\u00eb Apolloni, Fier<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\n\t    Nga fundi i shek. XI, Kisha Romano-Katolike shtoi p\u00ebrpjekjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb shtrir\u00eb influenc\u00ebn e saj m\u00eb n\u00eb jug (me krijimin e episkopatave t\u00eb Kruj\u00ebs, Antibarit (Tivarit), Shkodr\u00ebs etj.). Ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht nga shek. XIII, pas sundimit latin (1204 \u2013 1474), pjesa veriore  e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb sotme u ndikua fuqish\u00ebm nga Romano-Katolicizmi. N\u00eb vitin 1273, pas vdekjes s\u00eb mitropolitit orthodhoks t\u00eb Durr\u00ebsit, pas nj\u00eb t\u00ebrmeti, u vendos n\u00eb qytet nj\u00eb episkop romano-katolik. Pushtimi serb n\u00eb shek. XIV shkaktoi shkretim n\u00eb shum\u00eb krahina. N\u00eb t\u00eb njejt\u00ebn koh\u00eb familjet shqiptare (Topiajt, Balshajt, Shpatat, Muzakajt) formojn\u00eb principata t\u00eb vogla. N\u00eb vitin 1335, perandori bizantin Androniku i Ri nd\u00ebrmerr nj\u00eb fushat\u00eb ushtarake nga Konstandinopoja dhe, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet Selanikut, arrin n\u00eb Durr\u00ebs, duke i imponuar zot\u00ebrimin bizantin n\u00ebnshtetasve t\u00eb tij kryengrit\u00ebs. M\u00eb von\u00eb udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit e fuqish\u00ebm lokal\u00eb t\u00eb familjes s\u00eb Topiajve ua dor\u00ebzojn\u00eb Durr\u00ebsin venedikasve, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt do ta mbajn\u00eb n\u00ebn kontroll qytetin nga viti 1392 deri n\u00eb vitin 1501. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb faz\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb shk\u00eblqen figura heroike e Gjergj Kastriot Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut, i cili me luft\u00ebrat e tij (1451-1468) b\u00ebhet simbol i q\u00ebndres\u00ebs s\u00eb fundit t\u00eb krishter\u00eb ndaj osman\u00ebve. S\u00eb fundi, edhe Durr\u00ebsi bie n\u00eb duart e turqve, m\u00eb 1501 dhe k\u00ebshtu kryhet plot\u00ebsisht pushtimi osman. Gjat\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb var\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb mitropolis\u00eb s\u00eb Durr\u00ebsit n\u00ebn at\u00eb t\u00eb Kryepiskopat\u00ebs s\u00eb Ohrit, krahina e Durr\u00ebsit p\u00ebrmendet her\u00eb n\u00ebn nj\u00eb mitropolit me titullin \u201ci Durr\u00ebsit, Gora-Mokr\u00ebs\u201d, dhe her\u00eb dallohet n\u00eb mitropoli \u201ce Durr\u00ebsit\u201d dhe episkopata e \u201cGora-Mokr\u00ebs\u201d. Emra t\u00eb njohur t\u00eb mitropolit\u00ebve t\u00eb Durr\u00ebsit t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj periudhe jan\u00eb: Danieli (1693), q\u00eb m\u00eb pas b\u00ebhet i Kor\u00e7\u00ebs (1694); Kozmai (1694), \u201cmitropolit i Durr\u00ebsit dhe i Dalmat\u00ebve\u201d; Neofiti (1760); Grigori (1767).
\n\t    P\u00ebrsa i p\u00ebrket koh\u00ebs s\u00eb themelimit t\u00eb Mitropolis\u00eb s\u00eb Belegradit (Beratit), nuk kemi d\u00ebshmi. Em\u00ebrtimi Belegrad shfaqet n\u00eb fillimet e  shek. XIV. Ky qytet, q\u00eb u quajt edhe Berat, u pushtua prej osman\u00ebve n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e Sulltan Muratit, n\u00eb vitin 1431. P\u00ebrmenden 20 emra kryeprift\u00ebrinjsh, nga t\u00eb cil\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb njohurit jan\u00eb: Ignati (1691 \u2013 1693), q\u00eb b\u00ebhet m\u00eb von\u00eb Kryepiskop i Ohrit; dhe Joasafi I (1752 \u2013 1760 dhe 1765 \u2013 1801), kur gjat\u00eb viteve t\u00eb tij krahina kishtare e Belegradit u rikthye n\u00eb fronin e Konstandinopoj\u00ebs.
\n\t    Zona e Kor\u00e7\u00ebs, madje p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtohej qyteti, n\u00eb vitin 1490, p\u00ebrfshihej n\u00eb Mitropolin\u00eb e Kastorias (Kosturit), dhe kjo vet\u00eb ishte n\u00ebn vart\u00ebsin\u00eb e Kryepiskopat\u00ebs s\u00eb Ohrit. Mitropolia e Kor\u00e7\u00ebs u themelua n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shek. XVII, duke mbledhur rreth saj episkopatat e Kolonj\u00ebs, Devollit dhe Selasforit (Svesdas). Episkopi i par\u00eb i njohur i Kor\u00e7\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb Neofiti (1624 \u2013 1628). N\u00eb vitin 1670, Kryepiskopi i Ohrit Partheni, nga Kor\u00e7a, e ngriti vendlindjen n\u00eb rang mitropolie, me titullin Mitropolia e Kor\u00e7\u00ebs, Selasforit dhe Moskopolit (Voskopoj\u00ebs).
\n\t    Zonat jugore vazhduan t\u00eb vareshin nga Patriarkana e Konstandinopoj\u00ebs. Prej 18 episkop\u00ebve t\u00eb Delvin\u00ebs q\u00eb njihen, ku m\u00eb i hershmi \u00ebsht\u00eb Manasiu (1270), shquhen: Sofroni (1540), intelektual i d\u00ebgjuar; Zaharia (1670 \u2013 1682), m\u00ebshirues dhe predikues i palodhur; Manasiu (1682 \u2013 1695), nd\u00ebrtues shkollash n\u00eb fshatrat e krahin\u00ebs s\u00eb tij, pararend\u00ebs n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb aspekt i Sh\u00ebn Kozmait t\u00eb Etolis\u00eb. D\u00ebshmit\u00eb p\u00ebr episkopat\u00ebn e Drinopolit (shek. XI \u2013 XVIII) jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb shumta. Nga 41 emrat e ditur t\u00eb episkop\u00ebve t\u00eb saj shquhen: Sofiani (1672-1700), luft\u00ebtar heroik kund\u00ebr kthimeve n\u00eb mysliman\u00eb (islamizimeve); Mitrofani (1752 \u2013 1760), i p\u00ebrgatitur dhe muzikolog i shquar; dhe Dositheu (1760 \u2013 1799), i cili u kujdes p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e rreth 70 kishave.
\n\t    Gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb sundimit osman problemi m\u00eb serioz p\u00ebr Kish\u00ebn ishte kthimi i vazhduesh\u00ebm masiv n\u00eb mysliman\u00eb. M\u00eb shum\u00eb ndikohet popullsia shqiptare \u2013p\u00ebrve\u00e7 t\u00eb tjerave, edhe p\u00ebr arsye t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb literatur\u00ebs s\u00eb krishter\u00eb n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn amtare shqipe. N\u00eb t\u00eb njejt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, n\u00eb zon\u00ebn bregdetare t\u00eb Himar\u00ebs veprojn\u00eb misione t\u00eb ndryshme propagandistike romano-katolike. P\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetjen e orthodhoks\u00ebve, nga shek. XVII, n\u00eb shum\u00eb zona nd\u00ebrtohen manastire t\u00eb reja, t\u00eb cilat zhvillohen edhe n\u00eb qendra t\u00eb q\u00ebndres\u00ebs orthodhokse, kultivimit shpirt\u00ebror, arsimimit dhe aktiviteteve t\u00eb dobishme sociale, p.sh. manastiret e Raveni\u00ebs, Pepelit, Drianit, \u00c7epit, Poli\u00e7anit, \u00c7atist\u00ebs, Kamen\u00ebs, Leshnic\u00ebs, Kakomis\u00eb, Palas\u00ebs, Himar\u00ebs, Dh\u00ebrmiut, Qeparoit, Hormov\u00ebs, Kodr\u00ebs, Ardenic\u00ebs (Ardevus\u00ebs), Apollonis\u00eb, Joan Prodhromit (Pararend\u00ebsit) n\u00eb Voskopoj\u00eb, etj. Gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj kohe shum\u00eb klerik\u00eb punuan me entuziaz\u00ebm p\u00ebr fuqizimin e popullsis\u00eb orthodhokse. Nga k\u00ebta shquhet hieromonaku (prift murg) Nektar Terpo nga Voskopoja, aktiviteti i t\u00eb cilit shtrihej n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e Beratit e t\u00eb Shpatit, nga viti 1710 \u2013 1730. I p\u00ebrndjekur u strehua n\u00eb Itali, ku edhe botoi vepr\u00ebn e tij \u201cBesimi\u201d, p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndaluar islamizimin e orthodhoks\u00ebve.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>Lindja e Krishtit<\/strong>
\n\t\t\t\t\tIkon\u00eb e shek. XVI.
\n\t\t\t\t\tVep\u00ebr e ikonografit Onuf\u00ebr Neokastritit, nga Elbasani. Ikon\u00eb nga kisha e Evangjelistrias, Berat.
\n\t\t\t\t\tSot n\u00eb Muzeun e Artit Mesjetar, Kor\u00e7\u00eb.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\n\tN\u00eb shum\u00eb vende t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Jugut q\u00ebndresa orthodhokse fuqizohet me ngritjen e kishave dhe organizimin e shkollave. Nj\u00eb nga qendrat m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme orthodhokse ishte Voskopoja, e nd\u00ebrtuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrafshnalt\u00eb, t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkuar. N\u00eb shek. XVIII ajo kishte rreth 60.000 banor\u00eb dhe njihte nj\u00eb lul\u00ebzim t\u00eb mahnitsh\u00ebm ekonomik e shpirt\u00ebror. Fam\u00eb t\u00eb madhe mor\u00ebn: \u201cAkademia e Re\u201d (1744), bibilioteka dhe shtypshkronja e saj. Qytetin e zbukuronin 20 kisha. Deri n\u00eb vitin 1670 Voskopoja varej drejtp\u00ebrdrejt nga Kryepiskopi i Ohrit, m\u00eb pas hyri n\u00eb Mitropolin\u00eb e Kor\u00e7\u00ebs. Pas pla\u00e7kitjes q\u00eb iu b\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1771, sepse kishte marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb kryengritjen e Orlofit, filloi r\u00ebnia e saj, q\u00eb arriti kulmin n\u00eb vitin 1916, kur u dogj nga \u00e7eta ka\u00e7ak\u00ebsh.
\n\t    Q\u00eb t\u00eb shmangnin islamizimin e dhunsh\u00ebm dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb t\u00eb mbanin identitetin e origjin\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre, grupe t\u00eb rob\u00ebruara n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Osmane preferuan t\u00eb b\u00ebheshin “kripto krishter\u00eb” (t\u00eb krishter\u00eb t\u00eb fsheht\u00eb). N\u00eb jet\u00ebn e tyre publike shfaqeshin me emra mysliman\u00eb dhe silleshin si t\u00eb till\u00eb, por n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e tyre familjare mbanin traditat e tyre orthodhokse. N\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri shembulli m\u00eb tipik i kriptokrishterimit \u00ebsht\u00eb ai i tosk\u00ebve t\u00eb Shpatit, zon\u00ebs malore n\u00eb jug t\u00eb Elbasanit. Ky fenomen zgjati nga fundi i shek. XVII deri n\u00eb fund t\u00eb shek. XIX. Nuk munguan n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb zon\u00eb edhe d\u00ebshmor\u00ebt e rinj: osh\u00ebnar-d\u00ebshmor Nikodhimi n\u00eb vitin 1722 (p\u00ebrmendet nga Elbasani, por \u00ebsht\u00eb nga Vithkuqi dhe u martirizua n\u00eb Berat) dhe Kristo kopshtari ose arvanitasi, nga zonat p\u00ebrqark lumit Shkumbin, martirizuar n\u00eb Konstandinopoj\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1748.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb dallojm\u00eb dy faza kronologjike, me vij\u00eb ndar\u00ebse kohore pushtimin osman.     P\u00ebr formimin e Kryepiskopat\u00ebs s\u00eb Akridh\u00ebs (Ohrit), n\u00eb vitin 1018 \u2013 pas r\u00ebnies s\u00eb shtetit bullgar t\u00eb Samuelit \u2013 perandori bizantin Vasili II nxori tre sigjile (vendim perandori p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtje kishtare), duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb asaj n\u00eb var\u00ebsi gjithsej 32 krahina kishtare. K\u00ebshtu, u krijua nj\u00eb Kryepiskopat\u00eb e pavarur<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":2007,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"pagelayer_contact_templates":[],"_pagelayer_content":"","inline_featured_image":false,"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[248],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2006","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kisha-e-shqiperise-tradita-historike-shpirterore-artistike-nga-vitet-apostolike-e-gjeri-me-sot"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNga fillimi i shek. XI deri n\u00eb vitin 1767 - Kisha Orthodh\u03bfkse Autoqefale e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/orthodoxalbania.org\/2020\/2012\/08\/05\/nga-fillimi-i-shek-xi-deri-ne-vitin-1767\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nga fillimi i shek. 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