{"id":1896,"date":"2012-10-21T10:29:40","date_gmt":"2012-10-21T10:29:40","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-05-07T19:59:47","modified_gmt":"2020-05-07T17:59:47","slug":"shekulli-i-dyte","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/orthodoxalbania.org\/2020\/2012\/10\/21\/shekulli-i-dyte\/","title":{"rendered":"Shekulli i Dyt\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 Persekutimet<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 Shekulli i dyt\u00eb pa nj\u00eb zhvillim t\u00eb m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm t\u00eb besimit t\u00eb krishter\u00eb dhe persekutime m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb Kish\u00ebs nga autoritetet perandorake romane, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebt krisht\u00ebrimi ishte nj\u00eb \u201cfe e paligjshme\u201d. T\u00eb krishter\u00ebt ishin t\u00eb d\u00ebnuesh\u00ebm n\u00eb syt\u00eb e roman\u00ebve jo vet\u00ebm fetarisht, por edhe politikisht. Ata shkelnin ligjet e shtetit, sepse ata kund\u00ebrshtonin t\u00eb nderonin nj\u00eb perandor tok\u00ebsor si mbret, zot dhe per\u00ebndi, gj\u00eb q\u00eb iu k\u00ebrkohej atyre si an\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb perandorake. Ata luteshin p\u00ebr autoritetet civile dhe i jepnin \u201cnderimin atij q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr nderim\u201d (Roman\u00ebt 13:1-7), por ata kund\u00ebrshtonin t\u2019i jepnin mbretit tok\u00ebsor lavdin\u00eb dhe adhurimin q\u00eb i p\u00ebrket vet\u00ebm Per\u00ebndis\u00eb dhe Krishtit t\u00eb Tij. K\u00ebshtu roman\u00ebt shpall\u00ebn: Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e ligjshme t\u00eb jesh i krishter\u00eb. Nj\u00eb nga d\u00ebshmit\u00eb e para mbi t\u00eb krishter\u00ebt q\u00eb ne kemi nga shkrimet shekullore gjendet n\u00eb let\u00ebrk\u00ebmbimin e shekullit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet Plinit t\u00eb Ri dhe perandorit Trajan, i cili sundoi nga viti 98 deri 117. Ky let\u00ebrk\u00ebmbim tregon se krisht\u00ebrimi ishte me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb i ndaluar, dhe ndon\u00ebse t\u00eb krishter\u00ebt nuk duhet t\u00eb ndiqeshin dhe ishin t\u00eb pafajsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr akuzat e r\u00ebnda kund\u00ebr tyre, si flijimi i f\u00ebmij\u00ebve dhe ngr\u00ebnia e mishit t\u00eb njeriut (nj\u00eb keqkuptim i eukaristis\u00eb q\u00eb kryhej n\u00eb \u201cmbledhje t\u00eb fshehta\u201d), megjithat\u00eb, ata duhet t\u00eb ekzekutoheshin n\u00ebse, kur kapeshin, kund\u00ebrshtonin t\u00eb mohonin besimin e tyre. Persekutimi i t\u00eb krishter\u00ebve n\u00eb shekullin e dyt\u00eb ishte gjer\u00ebsisht lokal, i kryer sipas zellit t\u00eb autoriteteve perandorake lokale.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Megjithat\u00eb, persekutimet ishin t\u00eb shtrira kudo dhe, n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, t\u00eb krishter\u00ebt urreheshin edhe nga sundimtar\u00ebt m\u00eb tolerant dhe mendjehapur roman\u00eb. Ata urreheshin, kryesisht, p\u00ebr \u00e7far\u00eb konsiderohej si k\u00ebmb\u00ebngulja dhe intoleranca e tyre p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb p\u00ebrkushtimit t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb vet\u00ebm ndaj Krishtit si Zot. Ata persekutoheshin, gjithashtu p\u00ebr \u00e7far\u00eb konsiderohej t\u00eb ishte rrezik politik, q\u00eb ata i soll\u00ebn unitetit t\u00eb ligjit dhe rendit n\u00eb qeverimin perandorak, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb numrit gjithmon\u00eb n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb personave q\u00eb i bashkoheshin Kish\u00ebs. Nd\u00ebrmjet udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsve m\u00eb t\u00eb famsh\u00ebm t\u00eb krishter\u00eb, t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb, ishin peshkop\u00ebt: Ignati i Antiokis\u00eb (v. 110), Polikarpi i Smirn\u00ebs (v. 156) dhe filozofi Justin (v. 165). Secili prej k\u00ebtyre njer\u00ebzve q\u00eb u vran\u00eb p\u00ebr besimin lan\u00eb shkrime t\u00eb cilat, s\u00eb bashku me Didakin\u00eb, Letr\u00ebn e Diognetit, letrat e Klementit t\u00eb Rom\u00ebs, Letr\u00ebn e Barnab\u00ebs, Bariun e Hermas dhe shkrimet apologjetike t\u00eb Athinagoras s\u00eb Athin\u00ebs, Melitonit t\u00eb Sard\u00ebs, Theofilit t\u00eb Antiokis\u00eb dhe teologut m\u00eb t\u00eb madh t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb Ireneut t\u00eb Lionit, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb dhan\u00eb nj\u00eb tablo t\u00eb gjall\u00eb t\u00eb besimit dhe t\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb t\u00eb Kish\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Mbrojtja e Besimit: Apologjist\u00ebt<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 Zhvillimet m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb shekullin e dyt\u00eb, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 persekutimeve dhe rritjes s\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb Kish\u00ebs, ishin mbrojtjet e besimit t\u00eb krishter\u00eb kund\u00ebr m\u00ebsimeve t\u00eb rreme, t\u00eb ashtuquajturat apologjit\u00eb kund\u00ebr herezive t\u00eb krishtera, si edhe kund\u00ebr judaizmit dhe paganizmit. Ishte, gjithashtu zhvillimi i doktrin\u00ebs s\u00eb Kish\u00ebs dhe fillimet e teologjis\u00eb post-apostolike; themelimi i t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit rregull baz\u00eb p\u00ebr Kish\u00ebn n\u00eb \u00e7do bashk\u00ebsi lokale t\u00eb drejtuar nga peshkop\u00ebt, presbiter\u00ebt dhe dhjakon\u00ebt; themelimet e para t\u00eb liturgjis\u00eb s\u00eb krishter\u00eb dhe jet\u00ebs misterore t\u00eb ndar\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht nga sinagoga judaike; fillimet e caktimit t\u00eb kanonit t\u00eb shkrimeve t\u00eb shenjta t\u00eb Kish\u00ebs s\u00eb Dhiat\u00ebs s\u00eb Re. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb par\u00eb dhe n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb, u shkruan shum\u00eb shkrime t\u00eb rreme rreth Krishtit. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb t\u00eb ashtuquajturat shkrimet apokrife (mos t\u00eb ngat\u00ebrrohen me apokrif\u00ebt e Dhiat\u00ebs s\u00eb Vjet\u00ebr), t\u00eb ashtuquajtur\u00ebt pseudoapokrif\u00eb (Shih Sh\u00ebn Lluka tek Shkrimi i Shenjt\u00eb). K\u00ebto shkrime t\u00eb rreme mbanin emrat e apostujve dhe fut\u00ebn n\u00eb rrethet e krishtera shum\u00eb histori fantastike dhe legjendare rreth f\u00ebmij\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Krishtit, jet\u00ebs s\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Maris\u00eb dhe veprimtaris\u00eb s\u00eb apostujve. S\u00eb bashku m\u00eb pseudoapokrif\u00ebt u shfaq\u00ebn, gjithashtu edhe m\u00ebsimet e gnosticizmit, herezi e krishter\u00eb q\u00eb e shnd\u00ebrronte krisht\u00ebrimin n\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj filozofie spiritualiste, dualiste dhe intelektualiste (Shih Kolosian\u00ebt tek Shkrimi i Shenjt\u00eb). T\u00eb krishter\u00ebt e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb besimit orthodhoks iu desh t\u00eb ndesheshin me k\u00ebto m\u00ebsime t\u00eb rreme. Rezultat i k\u00ebsaj lufte ishte prodhimi i teologjis\u00eb s\u00eb apologjist\u00ebve, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb, i atyre q\u00eb e mbrojt\u00ebn besimin e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb dhe ungjillin origjinal t\u00eb Krishtit. Rezultat i k\u00ebsaj ishte, gjithashtu m\u00ebsimi i vazhdim\u00ebsis\u00eb apostolike n\u00eb Kish\u00eb, doktrina se besimi dhe jeta e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb e krisht\u00ebrimit kishte kaluar nga kisha n\u00eb kish\u00eb, nga brezi n\u00eb brez dhe nga vendi n\u00eb vend, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet vazhdim\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb Tradit\u00ebs s\u00eb Shenjt\u00eb t\u00eb Kish\u00ebs n\u00eb dor\u00ebzimin e peshkop\u00ebve, m\u00ebsimi dhe praktika e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve ishte e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb tek t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ata me m\u00ebsimin e apostujve t\u00eb Jisuit. \u00a0Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr rezultat ishte q\u00eb Kisha filloi t\u00eb caktonte fort se cilat nga shkrimet i p\u00ebrkisnin ekzakt\u00ebsisht Shkrimit t\u00eb Shenjt\u00eb t\u00eb Kish\u00ebs dhe cilat jo, caktimi ishte bazuar n\u00eb d\u00ebshmin\u00eb e past\u00ebr apostolike q\u00eb p\u00ebrmbahej n\u00eb shkrimet, dhe p\u00ebrdorimi i tyre n\u00eb Kish\u00eb n\u00eb mbledhjet liturgjike.<\/p>\n

Rregulli dhe Liturgjia e Kish\u00ebs<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 N\u00eb shkrimet e shekullit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb t\u00eb apologjist\u00ebve, martir\u00ebve dhe shenjtor\u00ebve, shihet se \u00e7do Kish\u00eb e krishter\u00eb lokale udh\u00ebhiqej nga nj\u00eb peshkop, i cili e kryesonte Kish\u00ebn q\u00eb administrohej prej presviter\u00ebve ose pleqve dhe sh\u00ebrbehej prej dhjakon\u00ebve. K\u00ebshtu shkruan n\u00eb letrat e tij Sh\u00ebn Ignati i Antiokis\u00eb: Ju k\u00ebshilloj q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqeni p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb \u00e7do gj\u00eb n\u00eb harmoni t\u00eb per\u00ebndishme: peshkopi t\u00eb kryesoj\u00eb si n\u00eb vend t\u00eb Per\u00ebndis\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa presbiter\u00ebt t\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb si k\u00ebshilli i apostujve dhe dhjakon\u00ebt, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb dashurit e mi, jan\u00eb besuar me sh\u00ebrbes\u00ebn (d.m.th. veprat e mira) e Jisu Krishtit (Letra e Magnezian\u00ebve 6, 1) \u00a0Kini kujdes, pra, p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb Eukaristi; sepse nj\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb trupi i Zotit ton\u00eb Jisu Krisht dhe nj\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kupa q\u00eb na bashkon me Gjakun e Tij; dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb altar, ashtu si \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb peshkop i ndihmuar nga presbiter\u00ebt dhe dhjakon\u00ebt, bashk\u00ebsh\u00ebrbyesit e mi (Letra e Filadelfian\u00ebve 4). Atje ku \u00ebsht\u00eb peshkopi, atje duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb populli, ashtu sikurse atje ku \u00ebsht\u00eb Jisu Krishti, atje \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe Kisha e P\u00ebrgjithshme (Katholike) (Letra e Smirnian\u00ebve 8, 2). Sh\u00ebn Ignati ishte i pari q\u00eb e p\u00ebrdori termin katholik p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar Kish\u00ebn. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mbiem\u00ebr cil\u00ebsor q\u00eb tregon sesi \u00ebsht\u00eb Kisha, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb, e plot\u00eb, e p\u00ebrsosur, e plot\u00ebsuar, e t\u00ebr\u00eb, duke mos i munguar asaj asgj\u00eb nga plot\u00ebsia e hirit, t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebs dhe shenjt\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Per\u00ebndis\u00eb. N\u00eb Didakin\u00eb dhe n\u00eb Apologjit\u00eb e Sh\u00ebn Justinit dhe Sh\u00ebn Ireneut, jan\u00eb gjithashtu p\u00ebrshkrimet e mistereve t\u00eb krishtera. Pag\u00ebzoni si m\u00eb posht\u00eb: mbas shpjegimit t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha pikave, pag\u00ebzoni n\u00eb emrin e Atit dhe t\u00eb Birit dhe t\u00eb Shpirtit t\u00eb Shenjt\u00eb, n\u00eb uj\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebs… (Didakia 7, 1). \u00a0Asnj\u00eb t\u00eb mos haj\u00eb dhe t\u00eb mos pij\u00eb nga Eukaristia juaj, por vet\u00ebm ata q\u00eb jan\u00eb pag\u00ebzuar n\u00eb emrin e Zotit… (Didakia 9). \u00a0N\u00eb vet\u00eb Dit\u00ebn e Zotit, mblidhuni s\u00eb bashku dhe thyeni buk\u00ebn dhe falenderoni (d.m.th. eukaristia, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb fal\u00ebnderim); por m\u00eb par\u00eb rr\u00ebfeni m\u00ebkatet tuaja q\u00eb flijimi juaj t\u00eb jet\u00eb i past\u00ebr. Megjithat\u00eb, asnj\u00eb q\u00eb grindet me v\u00ebllan\u00eb e tij t\u00eb mos bashkohet me mbledhjen tuaj deri sa ata t\u00eb pajtohen; flijimi juaj nuk duhet t\u00eb ndyhet (Didakia 14).<\/p>\n

Eukaristia n\u00eb Apologjin\u00eb e Sh\u00ebn Justinit<\/strong>
\n<\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 Dhe n\u00eb dit\u00ebn q\u00eb quhet e Diel\u00eb, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ata q\u00eb banojn\u00eb n\u00eb qytete apo n\u00eb fshatra mblidhen s\u00eb bashku n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend dhe lexohen p\u00ebrsa e lejon koha kujtimet e apostujve dhe shkrimet e profet\u00ebve. Pastaj lexuesi e mbaron leximin dhe kryesuesi na m\u00ebson dhe na k\u00ebshillon gojarisht p\u00ebr imitimin e k\u00ebtyre gj\u00ebrave t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyeshme, pastaj t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ngrihemi s\u00eb bashku dhe i japim lart lutjet tona; dhe sikurse thash\u00eb m\u00eb sip\u00ebr kur mbarojm\u00eb lutjet sillet buka dhe vera dhe uji; dhe kryesuesi n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme ofron lutjet dhe fal\u00ebnderimet sipas aft\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb tij dhe populli jep p\u00eblqimin e tij duke th\u00ebn\u00eb \u2018Amin\u2019; dhe b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb ndarje dhe pjes\u00ebmarrje e Eukaristis\u00eb tek gjithsecili dhe atyre q\u00eb mungojn\u00eb dhjakon\u00ebt i sjellin nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb. \u00a0Dhe ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb dhe duan japin \u00e7far\u00eb ata d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb, secili sipas mendimit t\u00eb tij; ajo q\u00eb mblidhet depozitohet dhe kryesuesi e p\u00ebrdor p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndihmuar jetim\u00ebt, t\u00eb vejat dhe ata q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb nevoj\u00eb nga s\u00ebmundjet apo shkaqe t\u00eb tjera, p\u00ebr ata q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb burg, p\u00ebr t\u00eb huajt q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb udh\u00ebtim dhe me nj\u00eb fjal\u00eb kujdeset p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ata q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb nevoj\u00eb. \u00a0Por e Diela \u00ebsht\u00eb dita n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ne mblidhemi s\u00eb bashku, sepse \u00ebsht\u00eb dita e par\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn Per\u00ebndia, kur ndryshoi err\u00ebsir\u00ebn dhe materien, b\u00ebri bot\u00ebn, dhe Jisu Krishti Shp\u00ebtimtari yn\u00eb u ngjall s\u00eb vdekur\u00ebsh n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn dit\u00eb (Apologjia 1, 67 e Sh\u00ebn Justinit).\u00a0
\n<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>

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Kisha Orthodhokse<\/a><\/span><\/span>2020-05-07T21:29:08+02:00<\/span>

Vitet 1950-1979<\/a><\/h4><\/div><\/article><\/section><\/div>
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